In summary, value -
added measures vary for the same teacher from year to year, subject to subject, and student group to student group.
Not exact matches
Depending on the total amount of flour you use (which will always
vary if you're
measuring with cups) you may have to
add a tad bit more milk during the mixing.
Since 1956, when the monitoring of atmospheric CO2 concentrations began at Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO), many more stations have been
added to
measure the amount of carbon in the atmosphere and how it
varies seasonally and geographically.
Lisa
added that though opinions
vary on how accurately these tests
measure student achievement, they can be effective tools for identifying areas for instructor improvement.
It is based on a comparison of two different value -
added scores for teachers: one derived from the regular state assessment (which
varies by participating district) and the other from an alternative assessment that is specifically designed to
measure students» depth of higher - order conceptual understanding in each subject.
In this brief, we describe how value -
added measures for individual teachers
vary across time, subject, and student populations.
We can think of value -
added estimates as
measuring three components: (1) true teaching effectiveness that persists across years; (2) true effectiveness that
varies from year to year; and (3) measurement error.
However, we might be less comfortable using a single
measure of student outcomes if the value -
added estimates
varied a lot across topics.
It is clear from the research so far that value -
added measures will never be completely stable across time, topics, or student groups, nor would we necessarily want them to be because true teacher effectiveness likely
varies across these dimensions.
In this paper we examine the mobility of early - career teachers of
varying quality,
measured using value -
added estimates of teacher performance.
Moreover, value -
added measures are likely to
vary according to the tests used to compute them.
This paper examines the attrition and mobility of early - career teachers of
varying quality using value -
added measures of teacher performance.