A Chicago based company, TeacherMatch, claims to use algorithms to predict the effect that a teacher candidate will have on value
added student test scores.
That is, more precisely and as indicated in the actual study, SLOs were «not significantly correlated with a teacher's value -
added student test scores;» hence, «a teacher is no more likely to meet his or her SLO targets if [his / her] students have higher levels of achievement [over time].»
Some proponents of teacher evaluation reforms have conjectured that if districts would eliminate the bottom 5 to 10 percent of teachers each year, as measured by value -
added student test scores, U.S. student achievement would increase by a substantial amount — enough to catch up to high - achieving countries like Finland.3 However, there is no real - world evidence to support this idea and quite a bit to dispute it.
Adding a student test score made blacks less likely to be identified; Hispanics and Asians remained less likely to be identified as well.
The New Teacher Project (TNTP) has been a strong advocate for changing evaluation systems to
add student test scores into the mix and beef up teacher observations.
Not exact matches
Adding to their frustration, parents said, is the state's controversial teacher evaluation system, which links educators» performance to
student test scores.
... I will say, the
test scores [are] never, ever the single most important thing,» she said,
adding that officials consider factors such as
student enrollment, capacity and other locations where
students can receive better resources.
The Green Party candidate for Lieutenant Governor, Brian Jones, a teacher and union member from New York City,
added strong criticism of the temporary moratorium on including
student performance on Common Core - aligned
test scores in the state - mandated teacher evaluation system until 2017.
The New York Times reported that the study is the largest to address the controversial «value -
added ratings,» which measure the impact individual teachers have on
student test scores.
A second study, recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) by Gary Chamberlain, using the same data as Chetty and his colleagues, provides fodder both for skeptics and supporters of the use of value -
added: while confirming Chetty's finding that the teachers who have impacts on contemporaneous measures of
student learning also have impacts on earnings and college going, Chamberlain also found that
test -
scores are a very imperfect proxy for those impacts.
A teacher in New York State is considered to be ineffective based on her
students»
test score growth if her value -
added score is more than 1.5 standard deviations below average (i.e., in the bottom seven percent of teachers).
Although familiarity with the
test can
add a real boost to
scores, the bottom line is
students must understand and know how to use and apply their mathematical skills flexibly in a variety of situations.
Gains in
student test scores also outpaced previous levels as well as the increases in district
scores, he
added.
The most sophisticated approach uses a statistical technique known as a value -
added model, which attempts to filter out sources of bias in the
test -
score growth so as to arrive at an estimate of how much each teacher contributed to
student learning.
In challenging the use of value -
added models as part of evaluation systems, the teachers» unions cite concerns about the volatility of
test scores in the systems, the fact that some teachers have far more
students with special needs or challenging home circumstances than others, and the potential for teachers facing performance pressure to warp instruction in unproductive ways, such as via «
test prep.»
Value -
Added Model (VAM): In the context of teacher evaluation, value - added modeling is a statistical method of analyzing growth in student - test scores to estimate how much a teacher has contributed to student - achievement gr
Added Model (VAM): In the context of teacher evaluation, value -
added modeling is a statistical method of analyzing growth in student - test scores to estimate how much a teacher has contributed to student - achievement gr
added modeling is a statistical method of analyzing growth in
student -
test scores to estimate how much a teacher has contributed to
student - achievement growth.
These «value -
added» measures are subject to some of the same problems, but by focusing on what
students learn over the course of the year, they are a significant improvement over a simple average
test score (or, worse yet, the percentage of
students that
score above an arbitrary «proficiency» threshold).
(An
added bonus: Novak saw a measurable leap in her
students» standardized
test scores after she started teaching using UDL.)
Also, there is a logic to using
tests to devise a solution, because
test scores do predict later - life outcomes such as college - going and earnings; and important recent evidence from Stanford researcher Raj Chetty and colleagues shows that having a «high value -
added» teacher — one who improves
student test scores — also positively predicts these outcomes.
In sum, Krueger and Zhu take three methodological steps to generate results that are not statistically significant: 1) changing the definition of the group to be studied, 2)
adding students without baseline
test scores, and 3) ignoring the available information on baseline
test scores, even though this yields less precise results.
Hollin Meadows has been using interim
testing for about four years, and has seen an increase in
student scores on state
tests, Gates
added.
The Los Angeles Times has obtained seven years worth of
test scores for individual
students and used them to calculate «value
added»
scores for over 6,000 teachers.
Commentary on «Great Teaching: Measuring its effects on
students» future earnings» By Raj Chetty, John N. Friedman and Jonah E. Rockoff The new study by Raj Chetty, John Friedman, and Jonah Rockoff asks whether high - value -
added teachers (i.e., teachers who raise
student test scores) also have positive longer - term impacts on
students, as reflected in college attendance, earnings, -LSB-...]
Now, this is all within a pretty limited context of thinking about teacher performance in terms of value -
added on
student test scores, and that could be missing a lot about what makes a teacher great.
For example, Ohio adjusts value -
added calculations for high mobility, and Arizona calculates the percentage of
students enrolled for a full academic year and weighs measures of
test score levels and growth differently based on
student mobility and length of enrollment.
«I began by collecting baseline data about my
students, related to attention, memory, physical stamina, and
test scores,»
added Tennant.
The correlation between ratings by principals and the average
test scores of a teacher's
students is significantly higher than the correlation between ratings by principals and the teacher's value -
added rating in reading (0.56 versus 0.32), though not in math.
This assessment is based on state
tests, using a value -
added model that applies statistical analysis to
students» past
test scores to determine how much they are likely to grow on average in the next year.
This allows for the use of statistical models to estimate the total contribution — that attributable to both observable and unobserved teacher attributes — of teachers toward
student test -
score gains (often referred to as «value
added»).
These narrow goals will also give for - profit schools a powerful incentive to admit and encourage those
students whom they expect to do well on achievement
tests or who are likely to show the greatest value -
added — that is, the greatest improvement in
test scores.
The results indicate that
adding one troubled boy to a classroom of 20
students decreases boys»
test scores by nearly 2 percentile points (7 percent of a standard deviation) and increases the probability that a boy will commit a disciplinary infraction by 4.4 percentile points (17 percent).
A 1999 study by the Center for Research in Educational Policy at the University of Memphis and University of Tennessee at Knoxville found that
students using the Co-nect program, which emphasizes project - based learning and technology, improved
test scores in all subject areas over a two - year period on the Tennessee Value -
Added Assessment System.
We carefully monitor our
students reading
test scores for progress, she
added, and we emphasize reading skills in staff development.
The researchers assessed teacher quality by looking at value -
added measures of teacher impact on
student test scores between the 2000 — 01 and 2008 — 09 school years.
The results of this approach may also be biased in favor of schools serving more advantaged
students if the
test -
score growth of disadvantaged
students differs in ways not captured by the value -
added model.
We examine three broad approaches to measuring
student test -
score growth: aggregated
student growth percentiles, a one - step value -
added model, and a two - step value -
added model.
While this approach contrasts starkly with status quo «principal walk - through» styles of class observation, its use is on the rise in new and proposed evaluation systems in which rigorous classroom observation is often combined with other measures, such as teacher value -
added based on
student test scores.
This impact on average
test scores is commensurate in magnitude with what we would have predicted given the increase in average teacher value
added for the
students in that grade.
Provided the movement of teachers in and out of a grade has not changed the makeup of
students enrolled in that grade, this finding supports the conclusion that measured value -
added of teachers is an unbiased predictor of future
test -
score gains, as there appears to be no other explanation for the resulting improvement in
test scores.
In February 2012, the New York Times took the unusual step of publishing performance ratings for nearly 18,000 New York City teachers based on their
students»
test -
score gains, commonly called value -
added (VA) measures.
I would welcome the opportunity to determine who on my staff would receive differentiated pay, especially if value -
added student achievement and standardized
test scores are tracked as a part of the measurement.
The new study by Raj Chetty, John Friedman, and Jonah Rockoff asks whether high - value -
added teachers (i.e., teachers who raise
student test scores) also have positive longer - term impacts on
students, as reflected in college attendance, earnings, avoiding teenage pregnancy, and the quality of the neighborhood in which they reside as adults.
Even though value -
added measures accurately gauge teachers» impacts on
test scores, it could still be the case that high - VA teachers simply «teach to the
test,» either by narrowing the subject matter in the curriculum or by having
students learn
test - taking strategies that consistently increase
test scores but do not benefit
students later in their lives.
There are a range of tools that researchers could use here — value -
added measures that distinguish between the level of a school's
test scores and gains of
students on
test scores (gains probably are what parents care about, and levels are a noisy signal of gains), school climate surveys, teacher observation instruments, descriptions of curricula.
They understand you,» she says,
adding that at Icahn, «they care more about the
students than the
students»
test scores.»
If the state has a computer - adaptive
testing system for one or more subjects and a vertically - scaled
score for consecutive grades, a value -
added measure for both the general
student population and subgroups.
Attention to
test scores in the value -
added estimation raises issues of the narrowness of the
tests, of the limited numbers of teachers in
tested subjects and grades, of the accuracy of linking teachers and
students, and of the measurement errors in the achievement
tests.
«The MET findings reinforce the importance of evaluating teachers based on a balance of multiple measures of teaching effectiveness, in contrast to the limitations of focusing on
student test scores, value -
added scores or any other single measure,» Weingarten said.
They tried to isolate how much any individual teacher
adds or detracts by comparing how the
students scored on end - of - year
tests to how similar
students did with other teachers, controlling for a host of such things as
test scores in the prior year, gender, suspensions, English language knowledge, and class size.
One major point of pushback to using
test scores in teacher evaluations has been the concern that such tools, known as value -
added measures, reflect
student demographics more than a teacher's ability, and penalize teachers who take on more difficult
students.