Although somewhat of a simplification, since it's strongest infrared absorption bands are already saturated, the greenhouse effect of
additional carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is approximately logarithmic.
Additional carbon dioxide in the air will enhance all forms of biological activity and life overall.
Not exact matches
The EPA claims that the extraction, transport, refining and use of the oilsands crude that would be transported daily through the pipeline would result
in «an
additional 1.3 to 27.4 million metric tons of
carbon dioxide equivalent per year» compared to lighter crudes.
«Importantly, the observed response lends weight to the hypothesis that any
additional soil water
in the root zone is then available to facilitate vegetation growth and greening under enhanced
carbon dioxide,» Wang said.
Using technology developed at Cornell University, Novomer gets
additional funding to develop a plastic - manufacturing process that requires less oil by folding
in carbon dioxide
And since 2004 oil giant BP and its partners (including Statoil)
in the In Salah gas field in Algeria have been stripping the nine billion cubic meters of natural gas produced there annually of the 10 percent carbon dioxide it contains and pumping a million metric tons of liquid CO2 back into the underlying saline aquifer through three additional well
in the
In Salah gas field in Algeria have been stripping the nine billion cubic meters of natural gas produced there annually of the 10 percent carbon dioxide it contains and pumping a million metric tons of liquid CO2 back into the underlying saline aquifer through three additional well
In Salah gas field
in Algeria have been stripping the nine billion cubic meters of natural gas produced there annually of the 10 percent carbon dioxide it contains and pumping a million metric tons of liquid CO2 back into the underlying saline aquifer through three additional well
in Algeria have been stripping the nine billion cubic meters of natural gas produced there annually of the 10 percent
carbon dioxide it contains and pumping a million metric tons of liquid CO2 back into the underlying saline aquifer through three
additional wells.
In the past, some people have argued that the increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air would be partially offset by an increase in plant growth, caused by that additional (CO2): increased CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere should work like extra fertilizer and lead to increased plant growt
In the past, some people have argued that the increase
in carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air would be partially offset by an increase in plant growth, caused by that additional (CO2): increased CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere should work like extra fertilizer and lead to increased plant growt
in carbon dioxide (CO2)
in the air would be partially offset by an increase in plant growth, caused by that additional (CO2): increased CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere should work like extra fertilizer and lead to increased plant growt
in the air would be partially offset by an increase
in plant growth, caused by that additional (CO2): increased CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere should work like extra fertilizer and lead to increased plant growt
in plant growth, caused by that
additional (CO2): increased CO2 concentrations
in the atmosphere should work like extra fertilizer and lead to increased plant growt
in the atmosphere should work like extra fertilizer and lead to increased plant growth.
As the ocean mass moves north, it absorbs
additional carbon dioxide from decomposing organic matter
in the water and sediments, increasing acidity.
That fast - spreading development is creating
additional water stress while simultaneously damaging the ecosystem's ability to absorb
carbon dioxide and store or «fix» it
in plants, according to the research — a study led by scientists at the University of Montana and published
in the journal Science.
But
additional buildup of coal - to - natural - gas projects could also create an environmental nightmare because producing the gas will emit huge amounts of
carbon dioxide and worsen the water crisis
in China's arid western regions.
«This is because the coastal ocean is shallower than the open ocean and can quickly transfer sequestered
carbon dioxide to the deep ocean; this process creates an
additional and effective pathway for the ocean to take up and store anthropogenic
carbon dioxide,» said Cai, the Mary A.S. Lighthipe Professor
in the College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment.
By 2030, the figure could grow to 14 percent of capacity, a level that would be met with «minimal»
additional investments
in power transmission and storage, while significantly cutting
carbon dioxide emissions from power plants, the draft asserted.
To achieve the 70 - percent reduction target for
carbon dioxide emissions used
in the study,
additional steps would be needed — and before 2023.
However, a new University of Minnesota study with more than 1,000 young trees has found that plants also adjust — or acclimate — to a warmer climate and may release only one - fifth as much
additional carbon dioxide than scientists previously believed, The study, published today
in the journal Nature, is based on a five - year project, known as «B4Warmed,» that simulated the effects of climate change on 10 boreal and temperate tree species growing
in an open - air setting
in 48 plots
in two forests
in northern Minnesota.
-- The Administrator may promulgate regulations to add to the list of class I and class II, group I, substances that may be destroyed for destruction offset credits, taking into account a candidate substance's
carbon dioxide equivalent value, ozone depletion potential, prevalence
in banks
in the United States, and emission rates, as well as the need for
additional cost containment under the class II, group II cap and the integrity of the class II, group II cap.
Several experiments with the KOSMOS mesocosms showed that the smallest phytoplankton benefits, if
additional carbon dioxide is dissolved
in the seawater.
In addition, the sea takes up
carbon dioxide from the atmosphere — an
additional nutrient for photosynthesising algae and sea grass.
The Summary for Policymakers states that taking into account
additional warming factors, the amount of
carbon that can be released through
carbon dioxide emissions —
in total — comes down to about 800 billion tonnes.
And that
additional water vapour would
in turn cause further warming - this being a positive feedback,
in which
carbon dioxide acts as a direct regulator of temperature, and is then joined
in that role by more water vapour as temperatures increase.
-LSB-...] The CAA as amended
in 1990 does mention «
carbon dioxide» and» global warming potential,» but only once,
in the context of non-regulatory provisions, and each time followed by a caveat admonishing EPA not to infer authority for «pollution control requirements» or «
additional regulation.»
Aluminum - intensive vehicles would have to be driven 32 - 38 years to compensate for the
additional volume of
carbon dioxide (CO2) generated by producing the metal vs. ultra-light steel, according to a new Massachusetts Institute of Technology study released at the American Iron and Steel Institute's annual meeting
in New York last week.
Marriott International has launched a number of strategic energy saving initiatives
in Europe to reduce
carbon dioxide or C02 emissions versus annual targets by an
additional seven per cent over the next three years.
That said, of course, my sense is that the coal industry is trying to change the subject, because reason is against it (
in terms of its desire to build
additional coal capacity before technologies are available that can take
carbon dioxide out of coal emissions).
Finally, to revisit the question originally posed @ 203: Assuming the IEO2011 Reference case of «1 trillion metric tons of
additional cumulative energy - related
carbon dioxide emissions between 2009 and 2035», and given that this case equates to following RCP8.5 until 2035 as previously demonstrated @ 408, what increase
in average global surface temperature relative to pre-industrial would result by 2035?
In the meantime, the world's poorest two or three billion people, emitting less than one ton of carbon dioxide per person per year (compared to the 20 tons per - capita average of the United States), could be propelled out of poverty with additional fossil fuel use without substantially interfering with efforts to rein in the richest populations» emission
In the meantime, the world's poorest two or three billion people, emitting less than one ton of
carbon dioxide per person per year (compared to the 20 tons per - capita average of the United States), could be propelled out of poverty with
additional fossil fuel use without substantially interfering with efforts to rein
in the richest populations» emission
in the richest populations» emissions.
Permafrost modeling studies typically indicate a potential release of
in the neighborhood ~ 200 PgC as
carbon dioxide equivalent by 2100, though poorly constrained, but comparable to other biogeochemical and climate - ecosystem related feedbacks, such as the
additional CO2 released by the warming of terrestrial soils.
The authors state: «
In this paper, we have used several basic atmospheric — physics models to show that
additional carbon dioxide will warm the surface of Earth.
Assuming the IEO2011 Reference case of «1 trillion metric tons of
additional cumulative energy - related
carbon dioxide emissions between 2009 and 2035», and given that this case equates to following RCP8.5 until 2035 as previously demonstrated @ 408, what increase
in average global surface temperature relative to pre-industrial would result by 2035?
A counterpoint to this argument is exemplified by Gerald Marsh
in his «Global Warming Primer» (www.nationalcenter.org/NPA420.pdf) where he claims...»
additional carbon dioxide does have an influence at the edges of the 14.99 micron band.
Imagine that an increase
in carbon dioxide alters the cloud properties just a little — enough to either prevent that brief break
in the clouds, or to create several
additional breaks, one of which would be more likely to occur at the time of peak heating for the day.
Steven Davis of the University of California, Irvine and Robert Socolow of Princeton University
in the US report
in the journal Environmental Research Letters that existing power plants will emit 300 billion tonnes of
additional carbon dioxide into the atmosphere during their lifetimes.
An
additional benefit for both the community and the rest of the world is that the trees and the soil
in their forest contain large quantities of
carbon, which bonds with oxygen to form the greenhouse gas
carbon dioxide when released into the atmosphere.
Additional carbon dioxide uptake causes direct changes
in seawater acid - base and inorganic
carbon chemistry
in a process termed ocean acidification.
Impacts of California's Five - Year (2012 - 2016) Drought on Hydroelectricity Generation — This comprehensive assessment of the costs to California of lost hydroelectricity during the five - year California drought (from October 2011 to the end of September 2016; the official California «water year» runs from October 1 to September 30) reveals an increase
in electricity costs of approximately $ 2.45 billion, as well as a 10 percent increase
in the release of
carbon dioxide from California power plants due to the
additional combustion of fossil fuels for electricity generation.
California, Oregon, Washington and other states across the nation are forcing utilities to consider the
additional cost of curbing
carbon dioxide emissions
in proposed coal - based generation, due to increasing pressure to address climate change.
So, if we want reasonable odds of staying below 2 °C, there's only so much more
additional carbon dioxide we can put
in the atmosphere.
Note that this argument applies to all levels of the atmosphere, including the upper levels where
carbon dioxide is relatively less abundant, and that the line of reasoning also becomes more potent (
in the sense that less
additional warming is forced) the more
carbon dioxide that either humans or nature emit.
In this scenario the difference — call it the Trump effect — comes to 11 billion tons of
additional carbon dioxide emitted between 2016 and 2030.
The text of AB 32 requires the state's Air Resources Board, the agency responsible for implementing the law, to maximize «
additional environmental and economic co-benefits for California» and consider «localized impacts
in communities that are already adversely impacted by air pollution»
in its plan for cutting
carbon dioxide emissions.
-- The Administrator may promulgate regulations to add to the list of class I and class II, group I, substances that may be destroyed for destruction offset credits, taking into account a candidate substance's
carbon dioxide equivalent value, ozone depletion potential, prevalence
in banks
in the United States, and emission rates, as well as the need for
additional cost containment under the class II, group II cap and the integrity of the class II, group II cap.
The President directed the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to develop and implement standards to reduce
carbon dioxide pollution from power plants, double renewable energy
in the United States by 2020, and open public lands to an
additional 10 gigawatts of renewable energy development, enough to power more than 6 million homes.
Leaf area index, which is also enhanced by increasing atmospheric
carbon dioxide, was the second most important factor, contributing an
additional 21.8 percent, followed by climate change (precipitation and air temperature together) and the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation, which accounted for the remaining 18.3 and 14.6 percent increase
in NPP, respectively.
Existing laws such as renewable portfolio standards, energy efficiency resource standards, long - term requirements for
additional hydropower and wind power, and
carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions caps will require a significant reduction
in natural gas - fired generation throughout New England.
If California continues «business as usual» (BAU), or without any
additional energy - savings measures, greenhouse gas emissions
in 2050 are expected to nearly double those
in 2005, to more than 900 metric tons
carbon dioxide equivalent.
Since the agreement was not legally binding, however, the future of
carbon dioxide emissions constraints
in the US — and so the outlook for
additional US coal - based power plants — is as yet unclear.
Loss of peatland landscapes will result
in release of
additional 11.4 - 47.3 million tons of
carbon dioxide.
In other words,
additional carbon dioxide allowed the trees to make more fuel, but this didn't make their trunks any wider.
Abstract:
In this paper, we have used several basic atmospheric — physics models to show that
additional carbon dioxide will warm the surface of Earth.
Of course, wind energy offers
additional benefits that are not currently reflected
in our incentive structure, including the ability to generate electricity without producing
carbon dioxide or consuming water.
«Business - as - usual» scenarios, with fossil fuel
carbon dioxide emissions continuing to increase about 2 percent per year as
in the past decade, yield
additional warming of 2 or 3 °C this century and imply changes that constitute practically a different planet.