Sentences with phrase «additional runoff»
"Additional runoff" refers to the excess water that flows over the ground's surface due to rainfall or melting snow. It describes the water that does not get absorbed into the soil or used by plants, instead flowing into rivers, lakes, or other water bodies. Full definition
Years with high winter precipitation played a disproportionate role in additional runoff in both droughts and pluvials.
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Leverage knowledge of climate variability — The Beaver Creek watershed experiments and others like it demonstrated that winter precipitation was the best predictor of additional runoff from forest thinning [20], [30].
The Salt - Verde runoff scenarios showed that levels of additional runoff increased proportionally with increases in the pace and extent of thinning.
If the thinning prescription for these stands called for a reduction in basal area from 33 to 17 m2 / ha, then the Salt - Verde scenarios calculated additional runoff from 3,000 - ha that are thinned from 33 to 17 m2 / ha.
We developed a range of estimates for the extent, pace, and intensity of forest thinning that could be conducted over this larger geography, grouped these estimates into runoff scenarios, and ran the scenarios using the revised and original regression models to estimate additional runoff from treatments and total watershed runoff.
Figure 2b shows that the revised model explained more of the variability in predicting additional runoff associated with forest treatments (r2 = 0.67) than did the original model.
Changes include the addition of the entire infield area in 1988 (present day turns 3, 4 and 5, eliminating the straight that started at present day Turn 2 and ended at present day Turn 5) extending the track from its original 1.9 - mile length to its current 2.238 - mile length, plus the relocation of pedestrian bridges and embankments, and the expansion of gravel pits for additional runoff.
We define «additional runoff due to thinning» as the portion of precipitation that appears as surface water at the sub-watershed outlet and that is directly attributable to mechanical thinning treatments.
Even though these gains were substantially less than runoff gains during pluvials, additional runoff under drought conditions could help lessen the impact of predicted climate - driven losses in hydrologic connectivity important to native fish in the Salt and Verde watersheds [64].
This study also demonstrated that the same thinning schedule could result in a doubling in additional runoff if conducted in a pluvial typical of 20th century variability as compared to a drought.
We removed one criterion — Northern goshawk nest areas — because the mean basal area reduction for these areas in the 4FRI project was greater than 30 % [19] suggesting that thinning in these areas could result in additional runoff based on the results of the Beaver Creek experiments [20].
We calculated additional runoff associated with thinning and total watershed runoff by inserting values of the independent variables into the revised and original Baker - Kovner regression models, respectively.
Difference between these two values, shown with blue shading, is additional runoff from forest thinning treatments.
«When the Ozark uplands and Francois Mountains experience above - average rainfall for extended periods of time, the additional runoff transported by the diversion channel increases the chances of Mississippi River levee breaches south of Commerce, Missouri, and adds to the peak river height at the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers.»
Additional runoff would cease six years after the multi-year thinning schedules in our scenarios.
So, for example, stands treated in cohort 1, contributed to additional runoff in scenario years 1 - 6 and stands treated in cohort 10 contributed from years 10 — 15.
This additional runoff can be considered as «in - place» or «in - situ» as we did not attempt to model runoff accumulation, routing, groundwater outflows or inflows, or channel losses in downstream watersheds.
For the purposes of this study, we were interested in estimating the additional runoff that becomes available due to forest thinning on an annual basis, not absolute values of watershed runoff.
Similar to the 4FRI scenarios, additional runoff in the Salt - Verde watersheds was 1.6 — 2.3 times greater in pluvials than in droughts.
Now that additional runoff is causing water in areas that had never seen water before.»