Ackland et al. (2008) showed that the pectoralis major (superior sternocostal head) displayed a peak moment arm length for shoulder
adduction at 41 degrees (length = +32.9 mm) and a minimum at 120 degrees (length = -17.7 mm), while the pectoralis major (inferior sternocostal head) displayed a peak at 64 degrees (length = +33.6 mm) and a minimum also at 120 degrees (length = -16.2.
Not exact matches
Adduction — Movement of a limb toward the middle of the body, such as bringing the arm down after being extended
at the shoulder.
However it happened, weakness here results in
adduction and internal rotation of the femur, which translates throughout the lower limb, causing internal rotation
at the tibia and an increased pronation moment
at the foot.
The shoulder is maintained
at 90 degree abduction without horizontal
adduction or abduction.
Key shoulder movements that involve the pectoralis major include shoulder horizontal
adduction (moving the arms together in the transverse plane
at shoulder height), shoulder
adduction (moving the arms down to the sides, from shoulder height), shoulder scapular flexion or extension (moving the arms to or from shoulder height in the scapular plane in front of the body), and shoulder flexion or extension (moving the arms to or from shoulder height in front of the body).
Shoulder horizontal
adduction (also called shoulder horizontal flexion) involves bringing the arms together in front of the body
at shoulder height, as shown in the picture below.
During rehabilitation exercises involving hip
adduction, the adductors may be preferentially activated
at different degrees of hip flexion.
The anterior deltoid displays a peak moment arm (length = 16.8 mm)
at zero degrees of horizontal
adduction (arms to the side) and its lowest moment arm (length = zero)
at 140 degrees of shoulder
adduction (arm across body).
The middle deltoid displays a peak moment arm length of approximately 25.0 mm
at 40 degrees of flexion, while the minimum moment arm length approaches zero
at 0 and 120 degrees of
adduction (arms to side and across body).
The moment arm length rises quickly as the shoulder moves from zero degrees (arms by side) to 30 degrees
adduction where it starts to plateau, reaching its peak
at 40 degrees and starting to tail off
at 60 degrees.
While the posterior deltoid displayed a peak moment arm length of approximately 30.0 mm
at 50 degrees of
adduction (arms pointing outwards diagonally), and a minimum moment arm length approaching zero
at both full range
adduction and abduction.
Section 457.3 (1)(b) of the Criminal Code which prohibits the
adduction of evidence from the accused as to the offence charged
at the bail hearing by implication must prohibit the subsequent admissibility of evidence given contrary to its terms.