The posterior deltoid displays a peak
adductor moment arm length of -15.9 mm at 5 degrees (arms by side), while the lowest moment arm length was 2.0 mm at 120 degrees (arms above head).
Not exact matches
With Kei Kamara injured, Vancouver Whitecaps counting on Anthony Blondell MLSsoccer.com Kamara suffered an
adductor strain in the closing
moments of training on Thursday, forcing him to miss Friday's match.
Németh and Ohlsén (1985) reported that the
adductor magnus muscle
moment arm length for hip extension was just 1.5 — 2.4 cm in the anatomical position, compared to 6.1 — 6.8 cm for the hamstrings, and 7.5 — 8.1 cm for the gluteus maximus, while Dostal et al. (1986) reported muscle
moment arm lengths of 3.9 cm and 5.8 cm for the middle and posterior portions, respectively.
Dostal et al. (1986) reported that the
adductor magnus displayed muscle
moment arm lengths of -0.3 cm (i.e. external rotation) and 0.4 cm (i.e. internal rotation) for the middle and posterior portions, respectively.
However, the
adductor magnus displayed a much greater
moment arm length in 90 degrees of hip flexion than in full hip extension, which may indicate that this muscle has an important contributory role to hip extension
moment in this position.
Moreover, as Németh et al. (1985) showed, the
moment arm length does not change substantially with hip joint angle, as is observed for the other major hip extensors, the gluteus maximus and
adductor magnus.
The muscle
moment arms in adduction for the
adductor magnus exceed those of hip extension, showing that this muscle is still definitively a hip
adductor as well as a hip extensor.
The
adductor magnus has a large hip extensor muscle
moment arm, making it an unappreciated hip extensor, while the other
adductors are hip flexors.
Dostal et al. (1986) reported muscle
moment arms of -4.1 cm, -2.1 cm, and -3.6 cm for the
adductor longus,
adductor brevis and pectineus, respectively.
Hip extension
moments are the products of the gluteus maximus, hamstrings and
adductor magnus muscle forces and their associated
moment arm lengths.
The
adductor longus,
adductor brevis, gracilis all have substantial hip adduction muscle
moment arms.
The
adductors have muscle
moment arms at the hip that indicate roles as both hip
adductors and hip extensors.
The obturator externus and pectineus seem to be less important hip
adductors, with muscle
moment arm lengths of just 2.4 cm and 3.2 cm, respectively (Dostal et al. 1986).
Dostal et al. (1986) reported muscle
moment arms of 7.1 cm, 7.6 cm, and 7.1 cm for the
adductor longus,
adductor brevis, and gracilis, respectively.
The
adductor magnus,
adductor longus,
adductor brevis, gracilis all have substantial hip adduction muscle
moment arms.
The
moment arm length of the
adductor magnus increases as hip flexion increases from full hip extension to 90 degrees of hip flexion, being largest in at least 90 degrees of hip flexion (partial squat).
Hip extension
moments are created by the muscle forces of the gluteus maximus, hamstrings and
adductor magnus, multiplied by their
moment arm lengths.
The other hip
adductor muscles similarly do not display large hip internal (or external, as denoted by negative numbers) rotation muscle
moment arms in the anatomical position.
Although Pressel and Lengsfeld (1998), Arnold et al. (2000), and Arnold and Delp (2001) did not provide actual numbers for their studies, they all found that the
adductors displayed very small transverse plane
moment arms that are probably not meaningful.
Although Pressel and Lengsfeld (1998), Arnold et al. (2000), and Arnold and Delp (2001) did not provide actual numbers for their studies, they all found that the
adductor magnus displayed a very small transverse plane
moment arm that is probably not meaningful.
Traditional (not force vector - specific) alternatives include trap bar deadlift jumps and jump squats, and these may also be necessary for developing the
adductor magnus, which has a larger
moment arm in greater hip flexion.
They reported that the hip extension
moment arm length of the gluteus maximus was around 8 cm and was greater than that of the other hip extensors (
adductor magnus and hamstrings).