«Many
adenovirus vaccine trials are moving forward for HIV, malaria and TB with promising results and very few residual safety concerns,» he said.
Not exact matches
And a new analysis of the STEP
trial, published last November in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, provides a warning that the very vectors (
adenoviruses, which are also employed in other
vaccine development work) used to distribute the inactive HIV strains can actually make the immune system more vulnerable to infection by recruiting susceptible T cells to mucous membranes, where they are more likely to be infected during sexual activity.
So say scientists at Merck, who learned from
trials in 2007 that their
vaccine, based on a live, weakened
adenovirus carrying genes for HIV proteins, was ineffective.
Initial results suggested that people who had already been exposed to the
adenovirus, and so had antibodies to it, before they received the
trial vaccine were more susceptible to HIV infection than people who did not receive the
vaccine at all.
And a new analysis of the stopped STEP
trial, published online Monday in Proceedings in the National Academy of Sciences, provides a warning that the very vectors (
adenoviruses, which are also employed in other
vaccine development) used to distribute the inactive HIV strains can actually prime the immune system to be infected by recruiting susceptible T cells to mucous membranes, where they are more likely to be infected during sexual activity.
The
vaccine that has been tested in the United States was made from a cold - causing chimpanzee
adenovirus that had been engineered to express proteins from two species of the Ebola virus, known as Zaire and Sudan (after their origins), and that was already available when the
trial began in early September.
RV 172: A Phase I / II Clinical
Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Multiclade HIV - 1 DNA Plasmid
Vaccine, VRC - HIVDNA016 -00-VP, Boosted by a Multiclade HIV - 1 Recombinant
ADENOVIRUS - 5 Vector
Vaccine, VRC - HIVADV014 -00-VP in HIV Uninfected Adu
Large - Scale
Adenovirus and Poxvirus - Vectored
Vaccine Manufacturing to Enable Clinical
Trials.
2015 — Began a Phase 1b clinical
trial of two experimental Ebola
vaccines in Kampala, Uganda, using Chimpanzee
Adenovirus type 3 vector (ChAd3)
vaccines, co-developed by the VRC, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and GlaxoSmithKine.