mRNA expression of DDX3 and p21waf1 / cip1 in
adjacent normal liver tissues and HCC samples was examined using quantitative real - time PCR (LightCycler FastStart DNA Master SYBR Green I, Roche Applied Science, Mannheim, Germany) according to the instruction manual using the primer set DDX3 - 4987F, TTCTCAGATGTTTGTTGTGTGGATT; DDX3 - 5142R, AAACTTGCTCAAATGCTATTGCTG; p21 - F, AATCCCAGCTACTTGGAAGGC; and p21 - R, GCTGACTGCAACCTCTGCC.