But Gates warned against complacency, and noted a 2012 report by PCAST that identified opportunities for the United States to keep its edge in innovation, including boosting of R&D expenditures moderately to 3.0 % of GDP, making the R&D tax
credit permanent, streamlining federal regulations that decrease productivity at research universities, and
adopting «
best practices» to improve undergraduate education in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.