Sentences with phrase «aerosol clouds»

If you like, you can read a discussion of the relative inputs to aerosol clouds here.

The science regarding aerosol clouds and their effect on wind is well documented.

The protective layers of the atmosphere, most specifically the ozone layer and the ionosphere, are being shredded by the aerosol clouds.

There have been some regional aerosol clouds due to mankind's activity.

MacDonald's atlas shows 12 other aerosol clouds all being downwind from desert regions and likely natural.

At best there were a few regional aerosol clouds covering less than 1 % of the globe.

Had the aerosol cloud ascended only into the lowest part of the atmosphere, the troposphere, where clouds form, rain would soon have cleansed the ash from the air.

Using a NASA computer model, Oman tracked the worldwide effects of the sulfate aerosol cloud that formed following the Laki eruption.

The sulfuric acid condensed into minute droplets — each two hundred times finer than the width of a human hair — that could easily remain suspended in the air as an aerosol cloud.

While it took only two weeks for the aerosol cloud to cover the globe at the equator, it was likely more than two months before it reached the North and South Poles.

Ultraviolet light would quickly kill the virus in an aerosol cloud, he argued — and if it had somehow survived, it would have infected more than just one crew member aboard the ship.

The formation and properties of the aerosol cloud that sits above the monsoon are a major unknown in climate science, and their potential future changes represent one of the largest uncertainties in climate predictions.

The top panel shows the direct effects of the individual components, while the second panel attributes various indirect factors (associated with atmospheric chemistry, aerosol cloud interactions and albedo effects) and includes a model estimate of the «efficacy» of the forcing that depends on its spatial distribution.

Rough calculations show if you drill about a dozen mine shafts as deep as possible into the thing, and plunk megaton nuclear bombs down there, and then fire them off simultaneously, you'll get a repeat of the Long Valley Caldera explosion of about 800,000 years ago — which coated everything east of it with miles of ash and injected a giant aerosol cloud into the stratosphere — the ash layer alone formed a triangle stretching from the caldera to Louisiana to North Dakota, including all of Arizona and most of Idaho and everything in between — I bet that would have a cooling factor of at least -30 W / m ^ 2 — and you could go and do the Yellowstone Plateau at the same time — geoengineering at its finest.

So the next question is whether that'd moderate direct surface heating since the brown clouds are actually net heat traps, or what that'd do for T - storm strength (although the N. Pacific is seeing unusually big winter T - storms from aerosol cloud seeding).

A few days ago a paper (Sato et al) dealing with some aspects of the «Aerosol Cloud Interactions», (ACI, also called «aerosol indirect effects») was released.

First I say it's cr @p but Jimmy wants to waffle on about what I assume is the negative aerosol cloud effect being -0.55 W / m2 plus or minus something huge.

Interactive microphysics - chemistry - climate models (Rozanov et al., 2002, 2004; Shindell et al., 2003b; Timmreck et al., 2003; Dameris et al., 2005) indicate that aerosol - induced stratospheric heating affects the dispersion of the volcanic aerosol cloud, thus affecting the spatial RF.

Volcanoes eject their aerosol cloud directly into the stratosphere where they cause warming at first and then cooling a few years later.

The initial volcanic aerosol cloud first ascends to the stratosphere and warms it.

«There is nothing inherently wrong with defining aerosol changes to be a forcing, but it is practically impossible to accurately determine the aerosol forcing because it depends sensitively on the geographical and altitude distribution of aerosols, aerosol absorption, and aerosol cloud effects for each of several aerosol compositions.

Oman, L., A. Robock, G. Stenchikov, T. Thordarson, D. Koch, D. Shindell, and C. Gao, 2006: Modeling the distribution of the volcanic aerosol cloud from the 1783 Laki Eruption.

Not exact matches

The values of various parameters like clouds and the concentrations of anthropogenic aerosols are adjusted to get the best fit to observations.

She decided to study the role that organic particles play in cloud droplet formation, because a large proportion of marine aerosols — which have a significant climate impact — are organics.

«Basically, we were able to show that dust and biological aerosols that were lofted from deserts all the way across the world in the Sahara and Asia were airlifted all the way across the world to make ice crystals in clouds in the western United States,» Creamean said.

«This is a cutting - edge study in the field of cloud - aerosol - precipitation interactions that includes an interdisciplinary group of atmospheric chemists and meteorologists,» he said.

Aerosol particles act as seeds, around which water vapour condenses into cloud droplets.

The aerosols catalyze the formation of ice in the clouds, which could increase precipitation, although more research needs to be done on that linkage, Creamean said.

During storms, they flew a research aircraft with several powerful instruments, including one that can identify the type of particle in a cloud and determine whether it was dust or some other type of aerosol.

More models now include the major types of aerosols and the interactions between aerosols and clouds.

They used images from NOAA's Cloud - Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite to track the dust, and confirmed it was traveling all the way to California.

Scientists can measure how much energy greenhouse gases now add (roughly three watts per square meter), but what eludes precise definition is how much other factors — the response of clouds to warming, the cooling role of aerosols, the heat and gas absorbed by oceans, human transformation of the landscape, even the natural variability of solar strength — diminish or strengthen that effect.

The small aerosols need to grow nearly a million times in mass in order to have an effect on clouds.

They are the Orbiting Carbon Observatory -3; the Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem program; the Deep Space Climate Observatory; and the CLARREO Pathfinder.

Aerosols can also have big effects on clouds, for instance making them brighter so that they reflect more sunlight back into space.

CLOUD has also investigated how the 11 - year solar cycle influences the formation of aerosol particles in our present - day atmosphere.

Besides SSCE, scientists have also been investigating stratospheric sulfur injections — firing sun - reflecting aerosols into the air, similar to the cooling effect after a volcanic eruption — and cirrus cloud thinning, where you thin the top level of clouds, which have a warming effect on the planet.

Cloud - to - ground lightning (CG) flash data from the National Lightning Detection Network matched against satellite - mapped aerosol plumes imply that thunderstorms forming in smoke - contaminated air masses generated large amounts of lightning with positive polarity (+ CGs).

They include the Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) Earth - observing mission, which is planned for a 2022 launch.

The team also hopes to shrink broader uncertainties about clouds and aerosols.

The aerosols create additional seeds around which water vapor can condense, boosting the number of cloud droplets and making the cloud more reflective.

By absorbing heat, aerosols can evaporate nearby cloud droplets — making the cloud less reflective and compounding the heating effect.

Atmospheric aerosols are tiny particles that scatter and absorb sunlight but also influence climate indirectly through their role in cloud formation.

Mission leaders were relieved and eager to begin their studies of cloud and haze effects, which «constitute the largest uncertainties in our models of future climate — that's no exaggeration,» says Jens Redemann, an atmospheric scientist at NASA's Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California, and the principal investigator for ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their IntEractionS (ORACLES).

It has been known for several years that sulfuric acid contributes to the formation of tiny aerosol particles, which play an important role in the formation of clouds.

Still other effects — which primarily promote cooling — occur when the aerosols begin mixing into a cloud.

On the other hand, by warming the atmosphere, aerosols can stabilize the air and protect clouds from drying out and thinning.

The team started by looking at the formation of the very small particles — a process called aerosol nucleation — by mimicking atmospheric conditions inside an ultraclean steel «cloud chamber», which Kirkby says is the cleanest ever created.

Researchers with the U.K. mission, called CLARIFY (Cloud - Aerosol - Radiation Interactions and Forcing for Year 2016), initially looked at relocating its research aircraft to Ascension Island, but they couldn't make the switch work logistically.

And by carefully measuring and modeling the resulting changes in atmospheric composition, scientists could improve their estimate of how sensitive Earth's climate is to CO2, said lead author Joyce Penner, a professor of atmospheric science at the University of Michigan whose work focuses on improving global climate models and their ability to model the interplay between clouds and aerosol particles.