Sentences with phrase «aerosol composition changes»

The computed aerosol composition changes translate into about 2.5 times more water associated with non sea - salt aerosol.

According to this study, the aerosol composition changed significantly over the different continents and with height since preindustrial times.

Not exact matches

And by carefully measuring and modeling the resulting changes in atmospheric composition, scientists could improve their estimate of how sensitive Earth's climate is to CO2, said lead author Joyce Penner, a professor of atmospheric science at the University of Michigan whose work focuses on improving global climate models and their ability to model the interplay between clouds and aerosol particles.

Non-polar glacial ice holds a wealth of information about past changes in climate, the environment and especially atmospheric composition, such as variations in temperature, atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases and emissions of natural aerosols or human - made pollutants... The glaciers therefore hold the memory of former climates and help to predict future environmental changes.

«Once the ocean - atmosphere system was isolated, we could systematically probe how changes in the seawater due to biological activity affect the composition and climate properties of the sea spray aerosol,» said Prather, a professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry who holds a joint appointment at Scripps Institution of Oceanography.

Mike Alexander, Alex Laskin, Yuri Desyaterik, and John Ortega, who work at DOE's Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) at PNNL and Xiao - ying Yu of PNNL's Atmospheric Science and Global Change Division, collected an extensive set of measurements of aerosol mass, size distribution, composition, and particle morphology using an array of in - situ techniques and aerosol sampling approaches.

It is conceivable that aerosol effects (which includes «smoke») could also affect the lapse rate, but the aerosols tend to warm where they are located and depending on the composition, cool below — this gives an impact that — if it was a large factor in the tropical mean — would produce changes even larger than predicted from the moist adiabatic theory.

Changes in atmospheric composition from human activities are the main cause of anthropogenic climate change by enhancing the greenhouse effect, although with important regional effects from aerosol particulates (IPCC 2007).

One theory of many behind the solar / volcanic connection is that MUONS, a by product of galactic cosmic rays can affect the calderas of certain volcanoes by changing the chemical composition of the matter within the silica rich magma creating aerosols which increase pressure in the magma chamber and hence lead to an explosive eruption.

The models used the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's «A1B» mid-range projected emission scenarios for ozone and aerosol precursors, independently calculated the resulting composition change, and then performed transient simulations to 2050 examining the response to projected changes in the short - lived species and to changes in both long - lived and short - lived species togChange's «A1B» mid-range projected emission scenarios for ozone and aerosol precursors, independently calculated the resulting composition change, and then performed transient simulations to 2050 examining the response to projected changes in the short - lived species and to changes in both long - lived and short - lived species togchange, and then performed transient simulations to 2050 examining the response to projected changes in the short - lived species and to changes in both long - lived and short - lived species together.

These include the influences of a changing climate, altered air mixing and transport rates, energy exchange, and changes in the composition of the atmosphere (e.g., water vapor, methane, nitrous oxide, aerosols, etc.), all of which can influence stratospheric ozone.

«There is nothing inherently wrong with defining aerosol changes to be a forcing, but it is practically impossible to accurately determine the aerosol forcing because it depends sensitively on the geographical and altitude distribution of aerosols, aerosol absorption, and aerosol cloud effects for each of several aerosol compositions.

Aerosol changes between those climate states are appropriately included as a fast feedback, not only because aerosols respond rapidly to changing climate but also because there are multiple aerosol compositions, they have complex radiative properties and they affect clouds in several ways, thus making accurate knowledge of their glacial — interglacial changes inacceAerosol changes between those climate states are appropriately included as a fast feedback, not only because aerosols respond rapidly to changing climate but also because there are multiple aerosol compositions, they have complex radiative properties and they affect clouds in several ways, thus making accurate knowledge of their glacial — interglacial changes inacceaerosol compositions, they have complex radiative properties and they affect clouds in several ways, thus making accurate knowledge of their glacial — interglacial changes inaccessible.

The only direct real - world inputs to these models, in a climate change simulation context, are changes in atmospheric chemistry and composition (such as increasing greenhouse gases, or changing volcanic aerosols) and changes in solar radiation.

Tsigaridis, K., M. Krol, F.J. Dentener, Y. Balkanski, J. Lathière, S. Metzger, D.A. Hauglustaine, and M. Kanakidou, 2006: Change in global aerosol composition since preindustrial times.

The present 3 - D modeling study focuses on aerosol chemical composition change since preindustrial times considering the secondary organic aerosol formation together with all other main aerosol components including nitrate.

These changes between the various aerosol components resulted in significant modifications of the aerosol chemical composition.

To elucidate human induced changes of aerosol load and composition in the atmosphere, a coupled aerosol and gas - phase chemistry transport model of the troposphere and lower stratosphere has been used.

The relative importance of the various aerosol components is critical for the aerosol climatic effect, since atmospheric aerosols behave differently when their chemical composition changes.