Sentences with phrase «aerosol effect on climate»

In our study, the biggest aerosol effect on climate came from the effect of aerosol - cloud indirect effect.

However, he says, «Aerosol effects on climate are one of the main uncertainties in climate models.

This review paper outlines the rationale for long - term monitoring of the global distribution of natural and anthropogenic aerosols and clouds with specificity, accuracy, and coverage necessary for a reliable quantification of the direct and indirect aerosol effects on climate.

Not exact matches

«It is widely understood that aerosols have a net cooling effect on climate, counteracting the warming caused by greenhouse gases.

Overall, improving our understanding of one of the largest natural aerosol sources is critical if we are to understand the effects of human - made aerosols on climate,» says Matt Salter.

«We've shown that under clean and humid conditions, like those that exist over the ocean and some land in the tropics, tiny aerosols have a big impact on weather and climate and can intensify storms a great deal,» said Fan, an expert on the effects of pollution on storms and weather.

The theory of dangerous climate change is based not just on carbon dioxide warming but on positive and negative feedback effects from water vapor and phenomena such as clouds and airborne aerosols from coal burning.

The information could also feed into climate models to help understand the effects of clouds and aerosols on Earth's energy balance.

Scientists believe that aerosols exert an influence on climate roughly equal to that of greenhouse gases, but the current estimate of aerosols» climate effect carries a large margin of error.

«There is a link between the chemistry that goes on in this type of air motion and the subsequent effects on the trace gases and aerosols in the atmosphere that ultimately impact climate.»

«Scientists have talked about Arctic melting and albedo decrease for nearly 50 years,» said Ramanathan, a distinguished professor of climate and atmospheric sciences at Scripps who has previously conducted similar research on the global dimming effects of aerosols.

What's more, according to Tim Bates of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), «there's a very wide range of sizes [for aerosol particles], and the effect that the particle is going to have on climate is going to be very dependent on its size, which makes it trickier.»

The latter type of sensors, Robock notes, could directly measure the size distribution of aerosols, which could help researchers better model their effects on climate.

I disagree with Leis's claim that climate models do not good enough information on aerosol effects.

This is one of the best examples of why aerosol mixing state is so important for modeling the effect of aerosols on climate.

Now if this was the 1980s they might have had a point, but the fact that aerosols are an important climate forcing, have a net cooling effect on climate and, in part, arise from the same industrial activities that produce greenhouse gases, has been part of mainstream science for 30 years.

The multi-scale aerosol - climate model, an extension of a multi-scale modeling framework, examined specific aerosol - cloud interactions and their effects on the Earth's energy budget, one of the toughest climate forecasting problems.

Sally, who was nominated by Dr. Beat Schmid, Associate Director, Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, was honored for her exceptional contribution in the field of atmospheric science, particularly in her efforts to improve understanding of the radiative effect of clouds and aerosols on the Earth's atmosphere and their representation in climate models.

This mis - representation and can have significant ramifications for estimating the direct and indirect effects of aerosols on climate.

Fascinatingly, the book from the mid-70s said that there was one climate scientist — Wally Broecker - who predicted that the greenhouse warming was on the verge of overtaking the aerosol cooling effects and that by the year 2000 the planet would be warmer than it had been in 1000 years.

CLOUD is designed to understand how new aerosol particles form and grow in the atmosphere, and their effect on clouds and climate.

The top priorities should be reducing uncertainties in climate sensitivity, getting a better understanding of the effect of climate change on atmospheric circulation (critical for understanding of regional climate change, changes in extremes) and reducing uncertainties in radiative forcing — particularly those associated with aerosols.

Sulfate aerosols have a cooling effect on the climate, which has led some researchers to suggest that continued reductions will lead to greater global temperature increases in coming decades.

The indirect aerosol effect on clouds is non-linear [1], [76] such that it has been suggested that even the modest aerosol amounts added by pre-industrial humans to an otherwise pristine atmosphere may have caused a significant climate forcing [59].

They also compared global estimates of aerosol effects on the Earth's climate using two of the parameterizations.

From the Physical Science Basis: «Shindell et al. (2009) estimated the impact of reactive species emissions on both gaseous and aerosol forcing species and found that ozone precursors, including methane, had an additional substantial climate effect because they increased or decreased the rate of oxidation of SO2 to sulphate aerosol.

Should this prove to be significant, climate models will likely incorporate this directly (using embedded aerosol codes), or will parameterise the effects based on calculated cloud variations from more detailed models.

Solar activity impacts on climate are a fascinating topic, and encompass direct radiative processes, indirect effects via atmospheric chemistry and (potentially) aerosol formation effects.

It is my understanding that the uncertainties regarding climate sensitivity to a nominal 2XCO2 forcing is primarily a function of the uncertainties in (1) future atmospheric aerosol concentrations; both sulfate - type (cooling) and black carbon - type (warming), (2) feedbacks associated with aerosol effects on the properties of clouds (e.g. will cloud droplets become more reflective?)

Also, due to the multiplicity of anthropogenic and natural effects on the climate over this time (i.e. aerosols, land - use change, greenhouse gases, ozone changes, solar, volcanic etc.) it is difficult to accurately define the forcings.

Therefore when you ask about the general effects of cloud feedbacks on climate, you have moved well beyond the scope of a discussion about aerosol second indirect effects.

Sulphate aerosols have a cooling effect on the climate because they scatter light from the Sun, reflecting its energy back out into space.

Has anyone modeled and published the effects of anthropogenic Chinese / Indian aerosol emissions on monsoonal / SE Asian climate?

The continent's policies most likely have the biggest effect on aerosol - related climate change.

The spotlight is on the effect of aerosol - particles released by industrial activity - on the Earth's climate.

Better understanding of the effect of aerosols on Earth's climate in the past can help climate scientist make better predictions of climate change trends in the future, the researchers said.

«The Effect of Atmospheric Aerosols on Climate with Special Reference to Temperature near the Earth's Surface.»

In contrast, ponds and aerosol deposition have little effect on Antarctic sea ice for all climates considered.

The study focuses on one proposed type of SRM, known as a «stratospheric aerosol injection», which involves sending up substances to the stratosphere that are known to have a cooling effect on the climate.

«When eruptions are powerful enough to reach the stratosphere (18 km or more above the surface at the equator), these sulphate aerosols can stay aloft for a number of years and have a strong cooling effect on the climate.»

For the first time, researchers have developed a comprehensive approach to look at aerosols — those fine particles found in pollution — and their effect on clouds and climate.

Basic physical science considerations, exploratory climate modeling, and the impacts of volcanic aerosols on climate all suggest that SWCE could partially compensate for some effects — particularly net global warming — of increased atmospheric CO2.

The second IPCC report, published in 1995, invoked the «sulfate - aerosol effect» and produced the memorable but essentially meaningless phrase that «the balance of evidence suggests a discernible human influence on global climate.»

(Note: the biggest issue is climate sensitivity, with a secondary issue being the magnitude of modes of natural internal variability on multi-decadal time scales, and tertiary issues associated model inadequacies in dealing with aerosol - cloud processes and solar indirect effects.)

Even worse, the models inadequately include the diverse myraid effects of aerosols and land use / land cover change on the climate system, so they are already hindered in their ability to accurately represent the real world spectrum of human climate forcings.

I added several comments e.g. about the (minor) impact of human aerosols on temperature, which implies that the effect of GHGs is also less than incorporated in climate models.

The effect of anthropogenic black carbon (BC) aerosol on snow is of enduring interest due to its role in aerosol radiative forcing and further consequences for Arctic and global climate change.

That is appropriate since it is the radiative forcing produced by aerosols, ozone etc. in the recent climate state, not in the 1850 climate state, that determines their effect on recent temperatures.

Over the last century, tiny airborne particles called aerosols, which cool the climate by absorbing and reflecting sunlight, have largely cancelled out the effects of GHG emissions on tropical storm intensity, according to a new scientific review paper published in Science journal.

The authors find that the results from each of these analyses are consistent, showing that the effects of changes in greenhouse gases, aerosols and other anthropogenic forcings on the climate of the Arctic region can be detected.