Sentences with phrase «aerosol indirect effect»

For aerosols in a model that includes aerosol indirect effects, the cloud responses could arguably be put in either category.
Several observational studies (see Chapter 5) support the existence of the first aerosol indirect effect on low - level clouds and a negative sign for the associated radiative forcing, but these studies do not give indications on what a (negative) upper bound of the forcing would be.
Additional runs for 2000 with 1850 climate and for 2030 and 2100 (RCP 8.5) with 2000 emissions are designed to separate the effects of climate change on constituents and for isolating aerosol indirect effects more cleanly using the clear - sky / all - sky flux diagnostics.
He has pioneered the use of SP - CAM to study aerosol - cloud interaction and used it together with satellite observations to constrain aerosol indirect effects.
On the other hand, there are large uncertainties in simulated aerosol indirect effects and substantial mean state biases in the North Atlantic.
6.15.1 Past to Present 6.15.2 SRES Scenarios 6.15.2.1 Well - mixed greenhouse gases 6.15.2.2 Tropospheric ozone 6.15.2.3 Aerosol direct effect 6.15.2.4 Aerosol indirect effect
When aerosol indirect effects on cloud cover were included, tropospheric (anthropogenic) aerosol efficacy reduced from 1.14 to 0.99.
Quantitative estimates of sulphate aerosol indirect effects on cloud properties and hence RF were sufficiently well established to be included in assessments, and carbonaceous aerosols from biomass burning were recognised as being comparable in importance to sulphate (Penner et al., 1992).
Isolating aerosol indirect effects (AIE) on clouds requires great care in the calculation of cloud forcing diagnostics.
Additionally, changes in anthropogenic sulfate aerosol forcing have been proposed as the dominant cause of the AMV and the historical multidecadal variations in Atlantic tropical storm frequency, based on some model simulations including aerosol indirect effects.
adding two variables that were requested in the ACCMIP Word document but not explained in the spreadsheet: the longwave and the shortwave cloud radiative forcing with reference (fixed) composition, for diagnosis of aerosol indirect effect.
«We found that aerosol indirect effect on deep convective cloud systems could lead to enhanced regional convergence and a strong top - of - atmosphere warming.»
These results confirm the need to use global high resolution models to study the aerosol indirect effects.
However, I am not optimistic — the specifics of the small scale physics (aerosol indirect effects on clouds, sea ice formation, soil hydrology etc.) are so heterogeneous that I don't see how you can do without calculating the details.
If this argument is sound, it seems to suggest that aerosol indirect effects may actually be stronger than first thought?
Yet if there is less water vapor available due to the combined effect of «global dimming» and global warming, then it would seem to me that the more vapor - starved clouds that result would have to rely entirely on the aerosol indirect effect to overcome the diminished vapor availability.
Still there remains a question in my mind about the relative importance of the GHG warming and the aerosol indirect effects on «global dimming».
So the burden would seem to be * completely * on the aerosol indirect effects, since they must first counteract the moisture starvation / thinner cloud effect, then go on to actually reduce the total observed solar radiation.
While this does not invalidate the aerosol indirect effect at all, it underlines the limitations in using satellite observed changes in droplet size to compute the aerosol indirect forcing.
Assuming a Northern Hemisphere to Southern Hemisphere ratio of 2:1 for the aerosol indirect effect, this would imply a globally - averaged forcing of -1.5 Wm - 2.
A few days ago a paper (Sato et al) dealing with some aspects of the «Aerosol Cloud Interactions», (ACI, also called «aerosol indirect effects») was released.
Aerosol indirect effect, while it affects TOA energy balance, is technically a feedback rather than a forcing from the perspective of a GCM.
Menon, S., A.D. Del Genio, D. Koch, and G. Tselioudis, 2002: GCM simulations of the aerosol indirect effect: Sensitivity to cloud parameterization and aerosol burden.
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