Sentences with phrase «aerosol load»

In summary, an increase in atmospheric aerosol load decreases air quality and reduces the amount of solar radiation reaching the surface.

The Hadcm3 model has calculated the largest increase in temperature which may be attributed to the reduction of aerosol load (40 %) over the period 1990 - 1999 somewhere in NE Europe, other models do that more in Southern Europe.

Bourassa, A.E., A. Robock, et al. 2012: Large volcanic aerosol load in the stratosphere linked to Asian monsoon transport.

The Neely research argues that «as much as 25 percent of the radiative forcing driving global climate change from 2000 to 2010 may have been counterbalanced by the increases in stratospheric aerosol loading over this period.»

Greenhouse gas forcing is expected to increase the interhemispheric SST gradient and thereby increase Sahel rainfall; hence, the recent Sahel drought has been attributed to increased aerosol loading cooling the Northern Hemisphere (75).

I pointed out that in GISS - E2 - R the 2000 level of anthropogenic aerosol loading produces direct aerosol TOA radiative forcing of — 0.40 W / m2 in the 2000 climate, but zero forcing in the 1850 climate; and that when the climate state is allowed to evolve as in the all - forcings simulation ozone iRF forcing in GISS - E2 - R is 0.28 W / m2 in 2000 versus 0.45 W / m2 per MEA15.

«It is very hard to see how we could still have a substantial CO2 emissions budget left for 1.5 °C, given we're already at 1 °C, thermal inertia means we'll catch up with some more warming even without increased radiative forcing, and any CO2 emissions reductions inevitably comes with reduced aerosol load as well, the latter reduction causing some further warming,» Stefan Rahmstorf of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany said by email.

Fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning cause a high aerosol loading.

Rice cultivation regions show reduced warming as they are concentrated where monsoon rainfall is projected to intensify, although projections are influenced by Asian aerosol loading in climate mitigation scenarios.

It is also conceivable that climate models overreact to volcanic forcing — however, excellent matches to the Pinatubo response in temperature, radiative anomalies, water vapour and dynamic responses, where we know the volcanic aerosol load well, make that tricky to support (Hansen et al, 2007)(pdf, SI).

«The increase in ammonia has spiked aerosol loading in China.

An increasing aerosol load due to human activities decreases regional air quality and the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface.

Atmospheric aerosol loading affects regional climate and its future changes (see Chapter 7).

@lindaserena: The revised BC forcing estimate is merely based on a upward revision of the BC aerosol loading in the atmosphere which seems to have been underestimated so far (higher than previously thought).

However, if it is forced by time - varying aerosol loadings, it should properly be interpreted as part of an accelerating anthropogenic trend.

Here's a paper (Sutton et al GRL 2007) Note, however, that they used 1 % pa CO2 runs and realistic aerosol loading will (I expect) reduce this ratio by primarily cooling over land.

Bauer, S.E., and D. Koch, 2005: Impact of heterogeneous sulfate formation at mineral dust surfaces on aerosol loads and radiative forcing in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model.

The nowadays increase in carbonaceous aerosol loading is dampened by a 34 - 42 % faster conversion of hydrophobic to hydrophilic carbonaceous aerosol leading to higher removal rates.

At present, only one regional boundary (south Asian monsoon) can be established for atmospheric aerosol loading.

The timing of the warming, however, appears to precede the increase in total solar irradiance (TSI)(39, 41) by 20 — 30 y and favors the reduced volcanic aerosol loading as the main cause for the warming — the rebound.

There are indeed some important uncertainties in estimating the history of volcanic forcing — which involves inferring a stratospheric aerosol load (and effective radius of the particles and their distribution) from a network of sulphate peaks in ice cores in Greenland and Antarctica.

Aerosol loading has plummeted — a substantial benefit to us all,» Dickerson said.

Koren: «We showed that convective clouds do not necessarily stop being aerosol - limited; under relatively polluted conditions the increase in aerosol loading will make the clouds taller, larger and their rain - rate stronger.

When analyzed together with the aerosol loading over the same area at the same time, the outcome, says Koren, was a «textbook demonstration of the invigoration effect» of added aerosols on clouds.

With other potential factors — wind, large temperature swings or land formations — out of the way, the team could concentrate on the aerosols, comparing daily satellite images of cloud cover and measurements of the aerosol load to the predictions of the model.

«The 1991 volcanic eruptions will substantially increase the aerosol loading within the polar vortex for 1992, both below and above 20 kilometres,» the team predicts.