Sentences with phrase «aerosol optical»

Individual dust plumes from this source are clearly evident in MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) true color imagery (28), occur ≈ 100 times per year, average 370 km × 700 km in area, carry 700,000 tons of sediment, and are responsible for up to 40 % of the Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) over the equatorial Atlantic and Amazon basin (12).

Compute the surface radiative forcing and its amplification by the atmospheric warming in a manner following Myhre and Stordal 1997, using gridded global fields of of the input variables obtained from observations (e.g. the ECMWF reanalysis, ISCCP clouds, satellite ozone, some sort of aerosol optical depth from satellite.

Bill's equation is: Tropics Troposphere Temp = 0.288 * Nino 3.4 Index (of 3 months previous) + 0.499 * AMO Index + -3.22 * Aerosol Optical Depth volcano Index + 0.07 Constant + 0.4395 * Ln (CO2)-- 2.59 CO2 constant

Smirnov, A., B.N. Holben, S.M. Sakerin, D.M. Kabanov, I. Slutsker, M. Chin, T.L. Diehl, L.A. Remer, R. Kahn, A. Ignatov, L. Liu, M. Mishchenko, T.F. Eck, T.L. Kucsera, D. Giles, and O.V. Kopelevich, 2006: Ship - based aerosol optical depth measurements in the Atlantic Ocean: Comparison with satellite retrievals and GOCART model.

Yu, H., R.E. Dickinson, M. Chin, Y.J. Kaufman, B.N. Holben, I.V. Geogdzhayev, and M.I. Mishchenko, 2003: Annual cycle of global distributions of aerosol optical depth from integration of MODIS retrievals and GOCART model simulations.

Myhre, G., F. Stordal, M. Johnsrud, D.J. Diner, I.V. Geogdzhayev, J.M. Haywood, B.N. Holben, T. Holzer - Popp, A. Ignatov, R.A. Kahn, Y.J. Kaufman, N. Loeb, J.V. Martonchik, M.I. Mishchenko, N.R. Nalli, L.A. Remer, M. Schroedter - Homscheidt, D. Tanre, O. Torres, and M. Wang, 2005: Intercomparison of satellite retrieved aerosol optical depth over ocean during the period September 1997 to December 2000.

Chylek, P., B. Henderson, and M. Mishchenko, 2003: Satellite based retrieval of aerosol optical thickness: The effect of sun and satellite geometry.

Steve I think stratospheric aerosol optical depth can be derived from CALIPSO data (see Fig. 8.13 of AR5 Ch.

shows that natural VOC induced aerosols above the boundary layer are mostly of natural origin (7:1), and comprise a 2:1 up to > 10:1 amount, compared to SOx (SO2 + sulfate) aerosols in the 0.5 - 10 km free troposphere, or 10 % of the total aerosol optical depth measured by satellites... Add to that the effect below the boundary layer and the effect of other natural aerosols (natural fires, sea salt, sand dust, DMS, NOx), good for some 38 % of the < 1 micron fraction of total aerosols (according to IPCC estimates)...

An emerging ground - based aerosol climatology: aerosol optical depth from AERONET.

«The higher the AOD [aerosol optical depth] value, the more aerosols are within a column; this translates to lower visibility within that column.

There's been a 60 % reduction in aerosol optical depth across Europe since 1986, and that appears to have lead to an increase in surface short - wave solar radiation (not due to changes in solar output!).

Variability of biomass burning aerosol optical characteristics in southern Africa during the SAFARI 2000 dry season campaign and a comparison of single scattering albedo estimates from radiometric measurements.

Additionally, solar spectral measurements provide information about atmospheric composition including column concentrations of trace gases and aerosol optical properties and optical depths.

Lidars are used to measure aerosol optical properties, trace gas concentrations, temperature and, with Doppler capability, winds and turbulence above the surface.

It all goes back to Sagan who was misled by mistaken aerosol optical physics.

You get that by correcting Sagan's incorrect aerosol optical physics which the warmists use to claim increased cloud albedo is hiding CO2 - AGW.

To do this they substituted Sagan's incorrect aerosol optical physics for Twomey's more correct version when he had warned there was an unknown second optical effect.

The AOS measures aerosol optical properties to better understand how particles interact with solar radiation and influence the earth's radiation balance.

Foster and Rahmstorf characterize ENSO by using the Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI), aerosol optical thickness data (AOD) for volcanic activity, and solar irradiance data (from PMOD) to characterize solar activity.

Aerosol optical depth / volcanic forcing reconstruction fairly well.

Haywood, J.M., P.N. Francis, I. Geogdzhayev, M. Mishchenko, and R. Frey, 2001: Comparison of Saharan dust aerosol optical depth retrieved using aircraft mounted pyranometers and 2 - channel AVHRR algorithms.

«The impact of el Nino is characterized by the Multivariate el Nino index (MEI), that of volcanic aerosols by Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), and solar output by Total Solar Irradiance (TSI).»

FIGURE 4 - 1 Annual mean aerosol optical depth predicted by an aerosol chemical transport model due to sulfate, mineral dust, sea salt, and organic and black carbon aerosols.

Penner, J.E., S.Y. Zhang, M. Chin, C.C. Chuang, J. Feichter, Y. Feng, I.V. Geogdzhayev, P. Ginoux, M. Herzog, A. Higurashi, D. Koch, C. Land, U. Lohmann, M. Mishchenko, T. Nakajima, G. Pitari, B. Soden, I. Tegen, and L. Stowe, 2002: A comparison of model - and satellite - derived aerosol optical depth and reflectivity.

Kiehl et al. (2000) improve the treatment of relative humidity compared to Kiehl and Briegleb (1993) and Kiehl and Rodhe (1995) by improving the relative humidity dependence of the aerosol optical properties and by using interactive GCM relative humidities rather than monthly mean ECMWF analyses, resulting in a larger normalised radiative forcing.

The degree of spatial heterogeneity can be seen by considering the aerosol optical depth for a number of aerosol species as shown by model results in Figure 4 - 1.

they don't appear to have much impact of aerosol optical depth and climate.

Large aerosol optical depths due to sulfur emissions occur in Northern Hemisphere industrial regions.

Additional column calculations show a weakened radiative forcing when the cloud optical depth is much greater than the aerosol optical depth (Haywood and Shine, 1997; Liao and Seinfeld, 1998) and show that the forcing is insensitive to the relative vertical position of the cloud and aerosol.

Additional output from the ACCMIP runs will include concentration / mass of radiatively active species, aerosol optical properties, and radiative forcings (clear and all sky) as well as important parameters that do not directly influence climate such as hydroxyl, chemical reaction rates, deposition rates, emission rates, surface pollutants and diagnostics of tracer transport.

«Estimating particulate matter using satellite based aerosol optical depth and meteorological variables in Malaysia.»

The primary product of the Global Aerosol Climatology Project (GACP) is a continuous record of the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) over the oceans.

So, the climate scam has for 50 years been based on a fundamental mistake in aerosol optical physics.

Turner's work, in particular, which often depicts brightly colored sunsets and emphasized natural light, can be used to roughly estimate aerosol optical depth — that is, the amount of particles like dust, volcanic ash, smoke and sea salts in the atmosphere — at the time the painting was made.

Aerosol optical extinction, absorption, size distributions, and chemical...

This system measures aerosol optical properties to better understand how particles interact with solar radiation and influence the Earth's radiation balance.

Abstract: Aerosol optical property is essential to the tropospheric ozone formation mechanism while it was rarely measured in ozone - rich environment for a specific study.

AERONET; aerosol optical depth (AOD); MODIS; DT algorithm; DB algorithm; land surface reflectance (LSR)

In particular, I think it would be interesting to use a complex atmospheric chemistry component to allow for spatial variation in the forcing reduction through sulphate aerosols: increase the aerosol optical depth over one source country, for example, and let it disperse over time.

He did it after he got his aerosol optical physics wrong.

Aerosol Optical Depth Estimates Based on Nephelometer Measurements at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Southern Great Plains Site.

Aerosol Optical Properties at the Ground Sites during the 2010 CARES Field Campaign.

The dataset starts within a few months from October 2001, and the initial Bourassa data were used as background aerosol optical depth following the Pinatubo decay.

Stratospheric aerosol optical thicknesses used in GISS climate simulations are given here.

From such measurements, the atmosphere's aerosol optical depth at each wavelength can be inferred.

This method uses consistency between direct normal and diffuse horizontal measurements together with a special regression technique for retrieval of daily time series of column mean aerosol particle size, aerosol optical depth, NO2, ozone and water vapor column amounts together with the instrument's calibration constants.

Add to that scaled monthly sunspot data to introduce the 0.1 deg C variations is surface temperature resulting from the solar cycle and add scaled monthly Stratospheric Aerosol Optical Depth data for dips and rebounds due to volcanic eruptions, and global surface temperature anomalies can be reproduced quite well.

The 2011 paper of Foster and Rahmstorf presents a possible further interpretation where the period 1977 - 2010 is presented as a combination of effects due to ENSO, solar irradiation and aerosol optical depth (volcanic events) and a linear trend.

The observed North Atlantic sulfate aerosol optical depth has not increased (but shows a modest decline) over this period, suggesting the decline of the Atlantic major hurricane frequency during 2005 — 2015 is not likely due to recent changes in anthropogenic sulfate aerosols.