Sentences with phrase «aerosol particles in»

The Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor is a thermal vaporization, electron impact, ionization mass spectrometer that measures bulk chemical composition of the rapidly evaporating component of sub-micron aerosol particles in real time.

A shortcoming, from the modern point of view, is that Broecker did not include other anthropogenic greenhouse gases or aerosol particles in his calculations.

«Earth system models» include all that and much more: forests that can shrink or spread as conditions change; marine food webs that react as the oceans grow more acidic with carbon dioxide; and aerosol particles in the atmosphere that interact with greenhouse gases, enhancing or sapping their warming power.

Dlugach, Z.M., M.I. Mishchenko, and A.V. Morozhenko, 2002: The effect of the shape of dust aerosol particles in the Martian atmosphere on the particle parameters.

Scientists believe that the combination of growing quantities of man - made aerosol particles in the atmosphere and more moisture have caused the cloud cover to thicken.

I think some geo - engineering concepts involve placing light scattering aerosol particles in the stratosphere to reflect light out.

«We've found that cosmic rays significantly enhance the formation of aerosol particles in the mid-troposphere and above.»

CLOUD shows that organic vapours emitted by trees produce abundant aerosol particles in the atmosphere in the absence of sulphuric acid.

Rose, D., S.S. Gunthe, E. Mikhailov, G.P. Frank, U. Dusek, M.O. Andreae and U. Pöschl, Calibration and measurement uncertainties of a continuous - flow cloud condensation nuclei counter (DMTCCNC): CCN activation of ammonium sulfate and sodium chloride aerosol particles in theory and experiment, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 8, 1153 - 1179, 2008.

The new findings help to explain a significant part of the organic mass of aerosol particles in the air, which had remained mysterious to the scientists so far.

The instrument will measure how aerosol particles in the atmosphere reflect or absorb light.

In particular, they propose that cloud changes associated with aerosol particles in the atmosphere could be causing the weekend effect, though other pollution processes can not be ruled out at this time.

Sulphate pollution from power stations and factory chimneys produces aerosol particles in the atmosphere which encourage clouds to form.

Several symposia have a local focus, including sessions on ecology and education in San Diego's Mission Bay Park and the causes and effects of aerosol particles in San Diego's atmosphere.

CLOUD has also investigated how the 11 - year solar cycle influences the formation of aerosol particles in our present - day atmosphere.

Ice nuclei, a type of aerosol particle in the atmosphere, form the ice crystals in mixed - phase clouds.

Not exact matches

She decided to study the role that organic particles play in cloud droplet formation, because a large proportion of marine aerosols — which have a significant climate impact — are organics.

Scientists are also trying to figure out the role that aerosol particles — including a component of soot known as black carbon — play in influencing the behavior of Himalayan glaciers.

For the study, Dr. Toohey and his colleagues from GEOMAR and the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg have used an aerosol - climate model to track 70 different eruption scenarios while analyzing the distribution of the sulfur particles.

After allowing for humidity and rainfall, they found that «aerosol optical thickness» — a measure of the concentration of atmospheric particles — decreased by only 10 to 15 per cent compared with the same periods in 2002 to 2007 (Geophysical Research Letters, in press).

During storms, they flew a research aircraft with several powerful instruments, including one that can identify the type of particle in a cloud and determine whether it was dust or some other type of aerosol.

For example, the tiny particles known as aerosols are far better understood, says atmospheric scientist Piers Forster of the University of Leeds in England andalso a lead author.

Ozone, methane and aerosols (tiny pollutant particles) remain in the atmosphere for a shorter time than CO2, but can affect both the climate and air quality.

With PNNL's climate model, Smith created more than 1,400 potential scenarios to reflect the many possibilities surrounding aerosols, tiny particles including soot that float in the atmosphere.

The scientists expect further warming in the Arctic as levels of greenhouse gases will continue to increase and aerosol particle emissions will likely decrease to combat air pollution in different parts of the world.

Atmospheric aerosols are tiny particles that scatter and absorb sunlight but also influence climate indirectly through their role in cloud formation.

Their stickiness makes it hard to get them through an inlet into a measuring device, but these compounds may play a significant role in the formation and alteration of aerosols, tiny airborne particles that can contribute to smog or to the nucleation of raindrops or ice crystals, affecting the Earth's climate.

«We suspect that water bound within sea salt, known as hydrates, play a significant role in defining the hygroscopicity of inorganic sea spray aerosol, If true, it means that the particles would take up less water because of the water already present as hydrates and, as a result, they would grow less.

It has been known for several years that sulfuric acid contributes to the formation of tiny aerosol particles, which play an important role in the formation of clouds.

And by carefully measuring and modeling the resulting changes in atmospheric composition, scientists could improve their estimate of how sensitive Earth's climate is to CO2, said lead author Joyce Penner, a professor of atmospheric science at the University of Michigan whose work focuses on improving global climate models and their ability to model the interplay between clouds and aerosol particles.

Such sulfuric acid aerosols are already responsible for the bulk of nacreous clouds that form in the polar stratosphere; added particles would just amp up the natural process (although it might also amp up damage the ozone layer).

A new simulation created by scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., reveals just how far around the globe such aerosol particles can fly on the wind.

Researchers sought to learn more about the impact of a process in which volcanoes give off aerosol particles that reflect sunlight, cooling the atmosphere and leading to reduced rainfall.

The difference in lightning activity can't be explained by changes in the weather, according to the study's authors, who conclude that aerosol particles emitted in ship exhaust are changing how storm clouds form over the ocean.

Called ultrafine aerosols, the particles are found in everything from auto emissions to wildfire smoke to printer toner.

Black carbon aerosols — particles of carbon that rise into the atmosphere when biomass, agricultural waste, and fossil fuels are burned in an incomplete way — are important for understanding climate change, as they absorb sunlight, leading to higher atmospheric temperatures, and can also coat Arctic snow with a darker layer, reducing its reflectivity and leading to increased melting.

There are few absolutes in life, but Will Cantrell - professor of physics at Michigan Technological University - says this is one: «Every cloud droplet in Earth's atmosphere formed on a preexisting aerosol particle.»

The findings provide evidence that a 3 - kilometer - deep blanket of pollution — a mass of ash, acids, aerosols, and other particles — is disrupting weather systems in western Asia.

Xiao used battery powered aerosol monitors to measure indoor concentrations of fine particulate matter, or particles 2.5 micrometers in diameter or smaller, which consists mainly of black carbon and organic carbon.

Until recently, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security has been investigating whether seeding storm clouds with pollution - size aerosols (particles suspended in gas) might help slow tropical cyclones.

Aerosol chemist Markus Ammann of the Paul Scherrer Institute in Villigen, Switzerland, and his colleagues, suspected that soot particles — spewed when fossil fuels are burned — might have a hand in creating nitrous acid.

Schneider coauthored a 1971 article in the journal Science about atmospheric aerosols — floating particles of soil dust, volcanic ash, and human - made pollutants.

Indeed, the reduction in the emission of precursors to polluting particles (sulphur dioxide) would diminish the concealing effects of Chinese aerosols, and would speed up warming, unless this effect were to be compensated elsewhere, for instance by significantly reducing long - life greenhouse gas emissions and «black carbon.»

The CALIPSO satellite (Cloud - Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) will measure aerosol particles and thin clouds in the atmoAerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) will measure aerosol particles and thin clouds in the atmoaerosol particles and thin clouds in the atmosphere.

Ash and aerosol particles suspended in the atmosphere scatter light of red wavelengths, often resulting in brilliantly colored sunsets and sunrises around the world.

Taking factors such as sea surface temperature, greenhouse gases and natural aerosol particles into consideration, the researchers determined that changes in the concentration of black carbon could be the primary driving force behind the observed alterations to the hydrological cycle in the region.

In order to keep aerosols from harming the ozone, the particles would need to neutralize sulfuric, nitric, and hydrochloric acid on their surface.

To investigate the layers and composition of clouds and tiny airborne particles like dust, smoke and other atmospheric aerosols,, scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland have developed an instrument called the Cloud - Aerosol Transport System, or CATS.

These particles pose health risks to populations, especially to the medically vulnerable, By infusing CATS data directly into aerosol models, data from CATS can make a difference in tracking and responding to impacts of similar events in the future.

Aerosols are fine particles in suspension in the air.