Global climate models are essential tools for understanding climate change and for developing policy regarding future emissions of greenhouse gases, primary aerosol particles, and
aerosol precursor gases.
Not exact matches
The researchers [3] quantified China's current contribution to global «radiative forcing» (the imbalance, of human origin, of our planet's radiation budget), by differentiating between the contributions of long - life greenhouse
gases, the ozone and its
precursors, as well as
aerosols.
Indeed, the reduction in the emission of
precursors to polluting particles (sulphur dioxide) would diminish the concealing effects of Chinese
aerosols, and would speed up warming, unless this effect were to be compensated elsewhere, for instance by significantly reducing long - life greenhouse
gas emissions and «black carbon.»
The tiny
aerosol particles can originate from e.g. dust, pollen or sea spray, emitted straight into the atmosphere or they can be formed from
precursor gases.
• Estimation of future emissions and biogeochemical cycling (including sources and sinks) of greenhouse
gases,
aerosols and
aerosol precursors and projections of future concentrations and radiative properties.
«We use 1280 years of control simulation, with constant preindustrial forcings including constant specified CO2, and a five - member ensemble of historical simulations from 1850 — 2005 including prescribed historical greenhouse
gas concentrations, SO2 and other
aerosol -
precursor emissions, land use changes, solar irradiance changes, tropospheric and stratospheric ozone changes, and volcanic
aerosol (ALL), following the recommended CMIP5 specifications.
Source - Any process, activity or mechanism that releases a heat - trapping
gas (greenhouse
gas), an
aerosol or a
precursor of a greenhouse
gas or
aerosol into the atmosphere.
Emissions - Emissions of heat - trapping
gases (greenhouse
gases), greenhouse -
gas precursors, and
aerosols associated with human activities.
Consequently, the most advanced climate models now require, in addition to concentrations or emissions of greenhouse
gases (CO2, CH4, N2O and halocarbons), emissions of reactive
gases and
aerosol precursor compounds (SO2, NOx, VOC, BC, OC and NH3), to model atmospheric chemistry and interactions with the climate system.6 For most variables, a sectoral differentiation would improve the quality of the calculations (e.g. from power plants and agricultural burning).
This paper deals with measurements of
aerosols, their chemical properties and
precursor trace
gases at Agra in the Indo - Gangetic plain.
[Response: For any projection for the future of climate, you obviously need a projection of emissions (greenhouse
gases, ozone and
aerosol precursors, etc.), land use change and so on.
The SRES scenarios were constructed to explore future developments in the global environment with special reference to greenhouse
gases and
aerosol precursor emissions.
Radiative forcing is a way to quantify an energy imbalance imposed on the climate system either externally (e.g., solar energy output or volcanic emissions) or by human activities (e.g., deliberate land modification or emissions of greenhouse
gases,
aerosols, and their
precursors).
All pieces required for the representation of OA in a global climate model are sketched out with special attention to Secondary Organic
Aerosol (SOA): The emission estimates of primary carbonaceous particles and SOA
precursor gases are summarized.
Topics that I work on or plan to work in the future include studies of: + missing
aerosol species and sources, such as the primary oceanic
aerosols and their importance on the remote marine atmosphere, the in - cloud and
aerosol water aqueous formation of organic
aerosols that can lead to brown carbon formation, the primary terrestrial biological particles, and the organic nitrogen + missing
aerosol parameterizations, such as the effect of
aerosol mixing on cloud condensation nuclei and
aerosol absorption, the semi-volatility of primary organic
aerosols, the importance of in - canopy processes on natural terrestrial
aerosol and
aerosol precursor sources, and the mineral dust iron solubility and bioavailability + the change of
aerosol burden and its spatiotemporal distribution, especially with regard to its role and importance on
gas - phase chemistry via photolysis rates changes and heterogeneous reactions in the atmosphere, as well as their effect on key
gas - phase species like ozone + the physical and optical properties of
aerosols, which affect
aerosol transport, lifetime, and light scattering and absorption, with the latter being very sensitive to the vertical distribution of absorbing
aerosols +
aerosol - cloud interactions, which include cloud activation, the
aerosol indirect effect and the impact of clouds on
aerosol removal + changes on climate and feedbacks related with all these topics In order to understand the climate system as a whole, improve the
aerosol representation in the GISS ModelE2 and contribute to future IPCC climate change assessments and CMIP activities, I am also interested in understanding the importance of natural and anthropogenic
aerosol changes in the atmosphere on the terrestrial biosphere, the ocean and climate.