Sentences with phrase «aerosol radiative properties»

These optical depths can be used in conjunction with assumptions about aerosol radiative properties to calculate the direct forcing.

Since aerosols, clouds, and the ground surface have very different polarization spectral signatures, it is possible to sort out the aerosol radiative properties from changes in surface albedo and cloud contamination.

What is missing is the more quantitative information on aerosol radiative properties, geographical distributions, trends, and observational results (including uncertainties) that can be found in the IPCC AR4 Report.

Not exact matches

Indirect aerosol effect - Aerosols may lead to an indirect radiative forcing of the climate system through acting as cloud condensation nuclei or modifying the optical properties and lifetime of clouds.

Aerosols directly affect the climate by scattering and absorbing radiation, and indirectly affect climate by altering cloud radiative properties, duration and amount.

To evaluate the global effects of aerosols on the direct radiative balance, tropospheric chemistry, and cloud properties of the earth's atmosphere requires high - precision remote sensing that is sensitive to the aerosol optical thickness, size istribution, refractive index, and number density.

• Estimation of future emissions and biogeochemical cycling (including sources and sinks) of greenhouse gases, aerosols and aerosol precursors and projections of future concentrations and radiative properties.

Using the OPAC and SBDART models, optical properties and aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) in the spectral range 0.2 to 4 μm for composite aerosol and without - BC aerosol at the top of the atmosphere, surface and atmosphere were computed.

Although all model studies found a detectable connection between GCR variations and either CCN changes or column aerosol properties, the response appears to be too weak to cause a significant radiative effect because GCR are unable to effectively raise CCN and droplet concentrations (Kazil et al., 2012).

He thought that this connection might occur via the effect of cosmic ray induced ionization on aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei and thus on the radiative properties of clouds.

The current focus of the program is aerosol radiative forcing of climate: aerosol formation and evolution and aerosol properties that affect direct and indirect influences on climate and climate change.»

Additional output from the ACCMIP runs will include concentration / mass of radiatively active species, aerosol optical properties, and radiative forcings (clear and all sky) as well as important parameters that do not directly influence climate such as hydroxyl, chemical reaction rates, deposition rates, emission rates, surface pollutants and diagnostics of tracer transport.

Although we focus on a hypothesized CR - cloud connection, we note that it is difficult to separate changes in the CR flux from accompanying variations in solar irradiance and the solar wind, for which numerous causal links to climate have also been proposed, including: the influence of UV spectral irradiance on stratospheric heating and dynamic stratosphere - troposphere links (Haigh 1996); UV irradiance and radiative damage to phytoplankton influencing the release of volatile precursor compounds which form sulphate aerosols over ocean environments (Kniveton et al. 2003); an amplification of total solar irradiance (TSI) variations by the addition of energy in cloud - free regions enhancing tropospheric circulation features (Meehl et al. 2008; Roy & Haigh 2010); numerous solar - related influences (including solar wind inputs) to the properties of the global electric circuit (GEC) and associated microphysical cloud changes (Tinsley 2008).

Aerosol changes between those climate states are appropriately included as a fast feedback, not only because aerosols respond rapidly to changing climate but also because there are multiple aerosol compositions, they have complex radiative properties and they affect clouds in several ways, thus making accurate knowledge of their glacial — interglacial changes inacceAerosol changes between those climate states are appropriately included as a fast feedback, not only because aerosols respond rapidly to changing climate but also because there are multiple aerosol compositions, they have complex radiative properties and they affect clouds in several ways, thus making accurate knowledge of their glacial — interglacial changes inacceaerosol compositions, they have complex radiative properties and they affect clouds in several ways, thus making accurate knowledge of their glacial — interglacial changes inaccessible.

Sensitivity of the soil dust cycle to radiative properties of soil dust aerosols.

Kiehl et al. (2000) improve the treatment of relative humidity compared to Kiehl and Briegleb (1993) and Kiehl and Rodhe (1995) by improving the relative humidity dependence of the aerosol optical properties and by using interactive GCM relative humidities rather than monthly mean ECMWF analyses, resulting in a larger normalised radiative forcing.

effects of aerosols on cloud properties (including cloud fraction, cloud microphysical parameters, and precipitation efficiency), which may modify the hydrological cycle without significant radiative impacts;

Myhre, G., N. Bellouin, T.F. Berglen, T.K. Berntsen, O. Boucher, A. Grini, I.S.A. Isaksen, M. Johnsrud, M.I. Mishchenko, F. Stordal, and D. Tanre, 2007: Comparison of the radiative properties and direct radiative effect of aerosols from a global aerosol model and remote sensing data over ocean.

The greatest uncertainty in radiative forcing is associated with aerosols, particularly the aerosol indirect effect whereby aerosols influence cloud radiative properties.

Yang, P., Q. Feng, G. Hong, G.W. Kattawar, W.J. Wiscombe, M.I. Mishchenko, O. Dubovik, I. Laszlo, and I.N. Sokolik, 2007: Modeling of the scattering and radiative properties of nonspherical dust - like aerosols.

This is handled differently by different modelling groups: some specify aerosol properties for purposes only of the radiative transfer calculations.