Sentences with phrase «aerosols in»

Rypdal, K., T. Berntsen, J.S. Fuglestvedt, K. Aunan, A. Torvanger, F. Stordal, J.M. Pacyna, and L.P. Nygaard, 2005: Tropospheric ozone and aerosols in climate agreements: scientific and political challenges.

I think Isaac got it right that the bulk of the tropical N.Atlantic aerosols in the model isn't of local origin but advected.

The failure to actually reduce global emissions has meant that all possibilities are now on the table, including some that sound like premises from a science - fiction novel: Humans could sequester carbon dioxide by removing it from the air through technologies that mimic trees, or we could spray water droplets in the lower atmosphere to reflect light and heat back to space, or we could seed sulfur aerosols in the stratosphere to do the same.

Hence these results suggest that irrespective of time preference, society should pursue a multi-pollutant emissions reduction strategy that includes multiple greenhouse gases and aerosols in order to obtain maximum socioeconomic benefits.

The research from top scientists studying a decade of atmospheric data has shown how cloud and weather development are affected by aerosols in the atmosphere.

Below are links to a revised presentation that was developed as background information for a «Black carbon aerosols in the Himalaya» press conference held at the 2009 AGU meeting in San Francisco.

If the major emitters of greenhouse gases find it hard to agree on setting caps on emissions now, what makes you think the world can agree to injecting aerosols in the stratosphere as a solution?

Although satellites can used for example to obtain spatial distribution of temperature, clouds, water vapour, aerosols in the atmosphere it appears much more difficult to measure the physical characteristics of the oceans for example the distribution of the optical depth of the particles in the oceans.

The story revolves around a paper that Paul Crutzen (Nobel Prize winner for chemistry related to the CFC / ozone depletion link) has written about deliberately adding sulphate aerosols in the stratosphere to increase the albedo and cool the planet — analogous to the natural effects of volcanoes.

You could also ask Andrew Revkin to withdraw his still - standing claim that most of the aerosols in atmospheric brown clouds are due to biomass burning.

The increased CO2 will behave exactly the same regardless of the levels of aerosols in the atmosphere, changing the energy balance and warming the planet.

Two other important records from satellite instruments — one from MODIS and the other from MISR — don't agree well over land, so scientists hope that data from other other sensors like SeaWiFS might help resolve some of the discrepancies and reduce the overall uncertainty about aerosols in climate models.

«Geoengineering for global warming: Increasing aerosols in atmosphere would make sky whiter.»

This is the first long - term regional study to confirm observations that mineral aerosols in both low and high clouds can act as kernels for precipitation to form around.

Where's thermal inertia in there??? 1) Ok, but in all fairness Coby's corrected that and now includes sulphate aerosols in his explanation.

Interactions with the hydrological cycle, and additional impacts on the radiation budget, occur through the role of aerosols in cloud microphysical processes, as aerosol particles act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN).

One idea for fighting global warming is to increase the amount of aerosols in the atmosphere, scattering incoming solar energy away from Earth's surface.

The largest uncertainty in that comparison comes from the estimated effects of aerosols in the atmosphere, which can variously shade Earth or warm it.

«The SCIENCE says that temperatures did not rise from the mid-30s to the mid-70s because of sulfate aerosols in fossil fuels.

On one hand, the reduction in global SO2 emissions reduces the role of sulfate aerosols in determining future climate toward the end of the 21st century and therefore reduces one aspect of uncertainty about future climate change (because the precise forcing effect of sulfate aerosols is highly uncertain).

Atmospheric aerosol pollution, mixed with natural aerosols in the context of human caused global warming presents some interesting and extremely important challenges for consideration.

«I hope that we never get to the point where people feel the need to spray aerosols in the sky to offset rampant global warming,» Caldeira said.

Koch, D., G.A. Schmidt, and C.V. Field, 2006: Sulfur, sea salt and radionuclide aerosols in GISS ModelE.

shows that natural VOC induced aerosols above the boundary layer are mostly of natural origin (7:1), and comprise a 2:1 up to > 10:1 amount, compared to SOx (SO2 + sulfate) aerosols in the 0.5 - 10 km free troposphere, or 10 % of the total aerosol optical depth measured by satellites... Add to that the effect below the boundary layer and the effect of other natural aerosols (natural fires, sea salt, sand dust, DMS, NOx), good for some 38 % of the < 1 micron fraction of total aerosols (according to IPCC estimates)...

... our results indicate a greater role for volcanic aerosols in past decade - to - century climate than found in some previous work and a lesser, but still significant, role for solar forcing.»

For instance, given the physics of sulphate aerosols in the stratosphere (short wave reflectors, long wave absorbers), it would be surprising if putting in the aerosols seen during the Pinatubo eruption did not reduce the planetary temperature while warming the stratosphere in the model.

I wrote a previous article about the importance of aerosols in the atmosphere.

the long - range transport of aerosols in the eastern North Pacific and potential interactions with ARs

One recent study estimated it would take 6,700 business jet flights per day — outfitted with spraying equipment — to keep enough aerosols in the stratosphere to cool the climate by one degree Celsius.

They use aerosols in the WGI Report when supposedly looking at the science of global warming.

In all these regions, greenhouse gases are estimated to have caused generally increasing warming as the century progressed, balanced to a greater or lesser degree, depending on the region, by cooling from sulfate aerosols in the middle of the century.»

To test the aerosol idea, researchers used computer modeling to simulate sulfate aerosols in the Arctic from 1950 through 1975.

It would involve gradually eliminating pollution from factories and tailpipes; replacing them with artificial aerosols in the upper atmosphere where they're much less likely to damage human health; and then hope nothing (else) goes seriously awry.

As a test of the models» annular sensitivity, the response to volcanic aerosols in the stratosphere is calculated during the winter following five major tropical eruptions.

27 Volcanic Eruption The presence of volcanic ash, dust and aerosols in the air increase the amount of solar radiation that is reflected back into space.

They are considering putting aerosols in the atmosphere to keep some sun out so they can cool the planet.

Note that the sensor detects aerosols in high - altitude plumes more readily than lower plumes, so this map does not reflect air quality conditions at «nose height.»

To measure aerosols in the sky, satellite and ground - based sensors detect the scattering and absorption of solar radiation.

Here, the authors use satellite and aircraft data to investigate the radiative impact of volcanic aerosols in the lowermost stratosphere since the year 2000.

The data and the statistical analysis does not provide the evidence that the so called «pause», a time period with a lower trend estimate than the longer - term trend estimate, was more than just a short - term fluctuation around the median warming trend, mostly due to short - term unforced internal variability in the Earth system (and some contribution from decreasing solar activity and increased reflecting aerosols in the atmosphere, counteracting the increased greenhose gas forcing to some degree), like the «acceleration» over the 16 - year period from 1992 to 2007 (e.g., UAH trend: 0.296 + / - 0.213 (2 sigma) deg.

Menon, S., J.E. Hansen, L. Nazarenko, and Y. Luo, 2002: Climate effects of black carbon aerosols in China and India.

The issues are, there is hardly any decrease visible in China, despite the secular increase of aerosols in the new millenium, the increase starting in the 1970s due to the cleanup of aerosols since the 1970s in the US and 1980s in Europe is highest in... Russia -LRB-!)

Koch, D., 2001: Transport and direct radiative forcing of carbonaceous and sulfate aerosols in the GISS GCM.

And, Aerosols in the climate system are responsible for various effects.

Aerosols in the lower atmosphere have reduced global warming and the frequency of intense hurricanes by reflecting a small fraction of sunlight back to space.

At least two «counterfactual» ensembles will be simulated in addition to that: one with the greenhouse gas response removed, representing the «world that might have been» without anthropogenic greenhousre gas forcing and the other one without some key climate relevant aerosols in the atmosphere.

Change in atmospheric mineral aerosols in response to climate: Last glacial period, preindustrial, modern, and doubled carbon dioxide climates

Of course temperatures in the troposphere is influenced by volcanic aerosols in the troposphere and stratosphere.

One knob that we could control: The amount of sulphate aerosols in the stratosphere.

Ridley and his colleagues also tracked the source of aerosols in the lower stratosphere from volcanic eruptions during the 2000s.