Sentences with phrase «affect cell function»

This accumulation in turn affects cell functions and can trigger neurodegeneration, like we see in diseases such as Alzheimer or Parkinson, both of which usually have a late onset.»

How mitochondrial damage affects cell function.

Not exact matches

Published in Molecular Neurobiology, the study led by Dr Elodie Siney under the supervision of Dr Sandrine Willaime - Morawek, Lecturer in Stem Cells and Brain Repair at the University, analysed how enzymes called ADAMs affect the movement and function of the human tumor cCells and Brain Repair at the University, analysed how enzymes called ADAMs affect the movement and function of the human tumor cellscells.

They impact on signal transmission from cell to cell, but also affect intracellular communication,» explains Professor Robert Ernst, whose research group at the BMLS has been on the trail of fats» hidden functions for years.

This allows us to reveal how drugs affect heart functions in a scenario where the two cell populations are closely coupled,» said Ben Maoz, Ph.D., a co-first author on the second study, who also is a Technology Development Fellow at the Wyss Institute and a member of Parker's group.

So something affecting the basic function and metabolism of cells is saying, «Don't become pregnant until you have got your insulin resistance under control».

Different drug molecules make it possible to affect the function of these receptors and, consequently, to prevent cell activation and mediator release.

However, in the past decade scientists realized that exosomes play important roles in many biological functions through capsuling and delivering molecular messages in the form of nucleic acids and proteins from the donor cells to affect the functions of nearby or distant cells.

Adams is partnering with doctoral student Sambuddha Basu, associate professor and neurosciences researcher, Associate Professor Yoon - Seong Kim, and scientist Subhrangshu Guhathakurta to study Parkinson's, which affects motor functions caused by a gradual loss of brain cells.

«In that case, we will also have to ask how such changes affected the functions and connectivity of the nerve cells involved.»

The most potently affected class of immune cells was plasmacytoid dendritic cells, known to affect the function of regulatory T - cells and the secretion of interferons, naturally occurring proteins that fend off viruses.

Scientists are studying how oscillations generated by nerve cells affect brain function.

But little is known about how ionizing radiation affects the extracellular matrix (ECM), a patchwork of proteins and other biomolecules that surrounds cells and plays a vital role in their shape, movement and signaling functions.

Folate deficiency can result in several different complications — the most important of these are neural tube defects (such as spina bifida, an abnormality of the spine and spinal cord) in babies and anemia (in which the number and function of red blood cells is affected leading to an inability of the blood to carry sufficient oxygen).

This epigenetic alteration of gene activity in brain cells that receive this neurotransmitter showed for the first time that dopamine deficiencies can affect a variety of behavioral and physiological functions regulated in the prefrontal cortex.

The nanogel didn't adversely affect stem cell growth or function, and the encased stem cells didn't trigger a rejection response.

Evans - Freke also says that animal studies show that normal functioning of PDGF RTK in healthy cells is not affected by the drug.

«Bone cells aren't solely studied in isolation in the lab as both local and systemic factors play an important role in their function, so it's important to unpick the multitude of biological factors that can affect their proliferation,» says Dr Pablo Roman - Garcia, a first author from the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.

Importantly, the ligands impaired myofibroblast function without affecting cell viability.

The lipid type, ceramide, also has a functional role in various signaling pathways and affects synaptic function, although its primary role is not in the synapse, but providing structure in cell membranes.

It's a protein chain that spans the cell membrane with complicated 3D folding - including 36 repeating «beads on a necklace» folds that can each be modified in different ways to affect the protein's overall function.

«Because many broadly expressed genes that play key roles in essential cellular functions are under the control of cell - specific enhancers, the ability to affect enhancer function by knocking down eRNAs could potentially provide a new strategy for altering gene expression in vivo in a cell - specific manner,» said Glass, noting that in his research, anti-sense oligonucleotides were developed in conjunction with Isis Pharmaceuticals, which suppressed enhancer activity and reduced expression in nearby genes.

In asthma this aberrant immune response leads to immune cells infiltrating the lungs, where they cause inflammation that affects lung function and leads to difficulties in breathing.

Monitoring immune cell activity — including phenotyping immune cell subsets, tracking cell proliferation, and measuring cytokine production — can provide insights into the overall status of immune function in patients, particularly those undergoing immunosuppression after transplants, enduring cancer treatment, or suffering from autoimmune disease or other pathologies that affect the immune system.

It is clear, however, that volatile anesthetics, which are more soluble in lipids than in water, primarily affect the function of ion channel and neurotransmitter receptor proteins in the membranes of nerve cells, which are lipid environments.

Molecular analysis showed that heart cells in affected animals were poorly developed and had mitochondrial defects, indicating that Sap130 - Pcdha9 gene interactions play a crucial role not only in heart development but also in regulating metabolic function of the cardiac muscle.

Past stories in Scientific American Mind have touched on ways that cell phones and television affect cognitive function.

For example, how genetic programs affect the function of specific cell types, how they vary early or later in life and how dysfunction in these programs might contribute to disease, all of which could help scientists learn more about the fundamental workings of the brain.

One is the risk that the transplant recipient might reject the cells, or that the implanted cells might also affect other functions.

«This study suggests that amyloid deposition in the gray matter affects the associated white matter connections, which are essential for conducting messages across the billions of nerve cells in the brain, allowing for all aspects of mental function.»

«Scientists find what might be responsible for slow heart function under general anesthesia: New research in The FASEB Journal suggests that general anesthesia targets certain amino acids on proteins of the heart muscle fibers and cells which directly affects the ability of the heart to pump.»

Patients with Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular disease, and cystic fibrosis may have something in common: cells in their disease - affected tissues may produce misfolded proteins that are incapable of functioning normally.

Although this human Gut Chip recreated the villus epithelium of normal intestine and enabled new insights into how flow and cyclic peristalsis affects intestinal differentiation and function, it could not be used to study processes that relied on normal intestinal cells from individual donors, which, for example, is crucial for studying patient - specific responses for personalized medicine.

This included proteins that previous studies had shown can affect sperm function and those that can affect cells in the testes involved in sperm production.

Scientists are beginning to understand that genetic mutations are not the sole contributors to disease development and that the way in which genes are arranged in our cells can affect whether they function appropriately — that is, whether they are turned on or off.

The Hedgehog signalling pathway is a good target for cancer researchers because it mainly switches back on in cancer cells and so blocking its function does not overly affect signalling in healthy cells.

New research reveals that in pregnant women, Zika virus infection damages certain cells that affect placental formation and function.

«More importantly, a retrovirus can infect only dividing cells such as reactive glial cells, but it does not affect neurons, which makes it ideal for therapeutic use with minimal side effect on normal brain functions.»

The mutation, which has been found in people with ADHD, autism and bipolar disorder, affects the function of DAT, a protein that regulates the brain's supply of the neurotransmitter by removing excess dopamine from the synapse, or the space between nerve cells.

We use multiple mouse models combined with in vitro approaches to address the pleiotropic functions of these cytokines which affect both the epithelial cancer cells and the inflammatory infiltrate within tumors.

«Since cholesterol is required by neurons to form synapses (connections) with other cells, this decrease in cholesterol could affect how nerves function for appetite regulation, behavior, memory and even pain and motor activity,» says Dr. Kahn, who is also Mary K. Iacocca Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School.

Tseng Laboratory scientists are interested in learning more about the function of human brown fat cells, including whether humans have two types of BAT, and understanding how BMP and related factors affect human brown fat production.

The research team at Mainz University speculates that whilst entanglements between chromosomes need to be removed for cell cycle progression those within a chromosome may not affect function and transmission of genetic information.

Macrophage depletion alters the blood — nerve barrier without affecting Schwann cell function after neural injury.

Their next steps are to characterize how these treatments affected NK cell function as well as determine the reactivity of patients» T cells against tumor mutations.

To better understand this complex tissues and its functions — and the diseases that affect it — a multicenter team led by researchers at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard and Massachusetts General Hospital has released a census of the cells that make up the lining of the small intestine, using gene expression profiles of more than 53,000 individual cells from the mouse gut or gut organoid models.

Strength of PD - 1 signaling differentially affects T - cell effector functions.

The researchers hypothesized that one of these genetic variations may affect the function of specialized proteins that stabilize the internal scaffolding of brain cells.

We found that an unusually high number of genes affected by these DNA deletions / duplications are associated with the functioning of synaptic transmission between nerve cells.

The next step based on these novel head and neck cancer discoveries, the scientists agree, is to tease out how the genes function in normal cells, whether they form the lining of the larynx, pharynx, or another anatomical site affected by head and neck cancer.