Sentences with phrase «affect ocean processes»

This new data collection tool will help both ocean and atmospheric scientists study exactly how cyclones and storms affect ocean processes.

Not exact matches

Gross says that the most important processes affecting day length are changes in the weather, especially unusual variations in the strength and direction of the winds, which bring on alterations in the global circulation of the atmosphere and ocean.

First, the frictional process of sliding: glaciers are rivers of ice that move («slide») ice from centers of accumulation to oceans, a process that affects climate and water levels.

The third process, tidal dissipation, has recently become a focus in planetary science as a potential heat source sufficient enough to create and maintain subsurface global oceans and viscous processes affecting ice flow in which disturbances within the crystal lattice allow ice to flow like honey (over long enough time periods).

As global warming affects the earth and ocean, the retreat of the sea ice means there won't be as much cold, dense water, generated through a process known as oceanic convection, created to flow south and feed the Gulf Stream.

This is a big deal because it can affect so many processes that occur from the coast to the open ocean including marine organisms» lifecycles and underwater landslides,» said lead author San Diego State University Assistant Professor Jillian Maloney, who conducted this research as a post-doctoral researcher at LSU.

However, this process also increases the acidity of seawater and can affect the health of marine organisms and the ocean ecosystem.

Any reforms to come from the process, starting next week, would affect about 62 percent of New York state's population, the proportion estimated to reside now in areas that could be hard hit as rising land and ocean temperatures raise average sea levels around the globe.

The report found that ocean warming is affecting a multitude of ocean processes, including breeding and migration patterns of ocean species such as plankton, whales and fish.

The information collected will now be analysed to understand the complex process of ocean mixing and how it affects climate change.

While anthropogenic CO2 emissions are driving acidification at global scales, processes occurring at local scales can also affect ocean chemistry.

Aim Experimental simulation of near ‐ future ocean acidification (OA) has been demonstrated to affect growth and development of echinoderm larval stages through energy allocation towards ion and pH compensatory processes.

The acidification of the oceans will accelerate this process by affecting food supplies.

I agree that the multimillennial «tail» of the CO2 decay trajectory is relatively unimportant in its own right, but it is not trivial, because it affects the overall rate of decay that includes processes that occur over many decades or a few centuries involving CO2 mixing into the deep ocean and carbonate buffering, and makes them slower than they would be otherwise.

The rate of that process reacts rather weakly to modest changes in pH and that change affects the ocean chemistry significantly only on very long term.

These processes affect the transport of water, heat, salinity, nutrients and carbon in the ocean, impacting on the climate system by modifying it's ability to absorb human - emitted carbon dioxide and excess heat resulting from increased carbon dioxide concentrations.

The broader implications of this study suggest that carbon budgets of the deep ocean in the past and thus climate relationships may have been much stronger affected by these processes near the sea floor than previously thought.

This SCIENCE begins with noticing that it is kinetic energy (KE) that is not involved directly within the processes of Turbulence that can be measured as a Temperature of the mass being affected by turbulence, be it within the Ocean and / or the Atmosphere.

Yes, such processes involve redistribution of heat, but heat redistributed from or to ocean depths to the surface would affect global temperatures at these time scales, whereas (as you imply) geographical redistribution at the surface would not (or at least much less).

The only thing that I would contend could be added would be long slow cumulative changes in solar output other than raw TSI namely changes in the mix of particles and wavelengths over longer periods of time such as MWP to LIA to date and which seem to have some effect on surface pressure distribution and global albedo so as to alter solar shortwave into the oceans and thus affecting the energy available to the ENSO process.

The latter determines the intensity of convection in the ocean and the timescale of deep - ocean processes affecting CO2 uptake and storage.

However, the conditions predicted for the open ocean may not reflect the future conditions in the coastal zone, where many of these organisms live (Hendriks et al. 2010a, b; Hofmann et al. 2011; Kelly and Hofmann 2012), and results derived from changes in pH in coastal ecosystems often include processes other than OA, such as emissions from volcanic vents, eutrophication, upwelling and long - term changes in the geological cycle of CO2, which commonly involve simultaneous changes in other key factors affecting the performance of calcifiers, thereby confounding the response expected from OA by anthropogenic CO2 alone.

This new concept of anthropogenic impacts on seawater pH formulated here accommodates the broad range of mechanisms involved in the anthropogenic forcing of pH in coastal ecosystems, including changes in land use, nutrient inputs, ecosystem structure and net metabolism, and emissions of gases to the atmosphere affecting the carbon system and associated pH. The new paradigm is applicable across marine systems, from open - ocean and ocean - dominated coastal systems, where OA by anthropogenic CO2 is the dominant mechanism of anthropogenic impacts on marine pH, to coastal ecosystems where a range of natural and anthropogenic processes may operate to affect pH.

Accordingly, there are three main vectors of anthropogenic impacts on marine pH: (1) emissions of CO2, and other gases affecting marine pH, to the atmosphere; (2) perturbation of watershed processes affecting the inputs of nutrients, organic and inorganic carbon, acids and carbonate alkalinity to the ocean; and (3) impacts on ecosystem structure (Table 1).

However, there have been relatively few studies that have investigated the impacts of OA on microbial processes, particularly those that affect the major biogeochemical cycles within the ocean [3,4].

1950s: Research on military applications of radar and infrared radiation promotes advances in radiative transfer theory and measurements = > Radiation math — Studies conducted largely for military applications give accurate values of infrared absorption by gases = > CO2 greenhouse — Nuclear physicists and chemists develop Carbon - 14 analysis, useful for dating ancient climate changes = > Carbon dates, for detecting carbon from fossil fuels in the atmosphere, and for measuring the rate of ocean turnover = > CO2 greenhouse — Development of digital computers affects many fields including the calculation of radiation transfer in the atmosphere = > Radiation math, and makes it possible to model weather processes = > Models (GCMs)-- Geological studies of polar wandering help provoke Ewing - Donn model of ice ages = > Simple models — Improvements in infrared instrumentation (mainly for industrial processes) allow very precise measurements of atmospheric CO2 = > CO2 greenhouse.

Topics that I work on or plan to work in the future include studies of: + missing aerosol species and sources, such as the primary oceanic aerosols and their importance on the remote marine atmosphere, the in - cloud and aerosol water aqueous formation of organic aerosols that can lead to brown carbon formation, the primary terrestrial biological particles, and the organic nitrogen + missing aerosol parameterizations, such as the effect of aerosol mixing on cloud condensation nuclei and aerosol absorption, the semi-volatility of primary organic aerosols, the importance of in - canopy processes on natural terrestrial aerosol and aerosol precursor sources, and the mineral dust iron solubility and bioavailability + the change of aerosol burden and its spatiotemporal distribution, especially with regard to its role and importance on gas - phase chemistry via photolysis rates changes and heterogeneous reactions in the atmosphere, as well as their effect on key gas - phase species like ozone + the physical and optical properties of aerosols, which affect aerosol transport, lifetime, and light scattering and absorption, with the latter being very sensitive to the vertical distribution of absorbing aerosols + aerosol - cloud interactions, which include cloud activation, the aerosol indirect effect and the impact of clouds on aerosol removal + changes on climate and feedbacks related with all these topics In order to understand the climate system as a whole, improve the aerosol representation in the GISS ModelE2 and contribute to future IPCC climate change assessments and CMIP activities, I am also interested in understanding the importance of natural and anthropogenic aerosol changes in the atmosphere on the terrestrial biosphere, the ocean and climate.