Sentences with phrase «affect other children in the family»

Consider how recommendations regarding one child might affect other children in the family.

Not exact matches

If you have other children, you need to think about how your decision to help one child will affect the rest of the family, said Mitchell Kraus, financial advisor and owner at Capital Intelligence Associates in Santa Monica, California.

Just like other families, the way having poly parents affects children depends in large part on how the adults conduct themselves in their relationships.

It might help guide treatment, if specific DNA affects how kids respond to certain drugs; it might alert doctors to children at risk for other cancers later in life, like breast cancer; and it might pinpoint families that could benefit from genetic counseling.

Our findings indicate that factors other than family and parental eating behaviors may play an important role in affecting American children's dietary intakes.»

Effects on family income may reflect a) increases in one's own income, b) increases in other income due to increases in the likelihood of being married, or c) increases in the income of one's family members (which is likely if children tend to marry individuals who were also affected by spending increases).

Gosselin: Just as I found a need to fill with my first book, Taking Diabetes to School, I see a great need in educating children and families about health conditions that can affect others, whether they are neighbors, grandparents, family friends, or other relatives; hence the name of the series, Special Family and Frfamily friends, or other relatives; hence the name of the series, Special Family and FrFamily and Friends.

When PLHIV and their families faced stigma and discrimination, the networks independently or in collaboration with other stakeholders worked towards reducing rights violations, some of them being reintegrating affected children back to schools or reinstating people back to work place or providing legal access for accessing their property rights.

And it's likely that dual - parent families in general have many other attributes that affect their children's educational attainment, mental health, labor market performance, and family formation.

Other factors affecting family involvement in schools include race, SES, family size, parent selfefficacy, geographic location of school, educational attainment of parents, and grade level of child.

Below, we translate the measured impacts of the Chicago CPC program into estimates of how public investment in a universal, high - quality, prekindergarten program would affect future government finances, the economy, earnings, and crime and health, using the attenuations described above for children from middle - and upper - income families, and for children who in its absence would have attended some other preschool.

One in 4 children experiences a mental health disorder annually, 73 and half of those who will have a mental health disorder at some point in their life will first be diagnosed at age 14 or younger.74 Furthermore, about half of all children will experience a traumatic event — such as the death of a parent, violence, or extreme poverty — before they reach adulthood.75 And as the opioid epidemic continues to grow, students are coming to school affected by a parent's addiction as well as the havoc and instability that it can wreak on family life.76 In addition, as students experience other issues — such as puberty; family matters, like divorce; and bullying — having supportive trained adults to talk to in school is critical for improving their well - being and attention to learninin 4 children experiences a mental health disorder annually, 73 and half of those who will have a mental health disorder at some point in their life will first be diagnosed at age 14 or younger.74 Furthermore, about half of all children will experience a traumatic event — such as the death of a parent, violence, or extreme poverty — before they reach adulthood.75 And as the opioid epidemic continues to grow, students are coming to school affected by a parent's addiction as well as the havoc and instability that it can wreak on family life.76 In addition, as students experience other issues — such as puberty; family matters, like divorce; and bullying — having supportive trained adults to talk to in school is critical for improving their well - being and attention to learninin their life will first be diagnosed at age 14 or younger.74 Furthermore, about half of all children will experience a traumatic event — such as the death of a parent, violence, or extreme poverty — before they reach adulthood.75 And as the opioid epidemic continues to grow, students are coming to school affected by a parent's addiction as well as the havoc and instability that it can wreak on family life.76 In addition, as students experience other issues — such as puberty; family matters, like divorce; and bullying — having supportive trained adults to talk to in school is critical for improving their well - being and attention to learninIn addition, as students experience other issues — such as puberty; family matters, like divorce; and bullying — having supportive trained adults to talk to in school is critical for improving their well - being and attention to learninin school is critical for improving their well - being and attention to learning.

- I'll repeat... Most homebuyers can qualify easily with a 25 year amortization, but choose to extend that to a 30 year amortization as a fail safe or preventative measure, just in case their incomes are affected in the future... job loss, family illness, child school fees, other financial crisis.

A family attorney in Manassas provides information to parents about the different types of custody and factors that can affect custody determinations, the basics of how child custody decisions are made in the family courts, and the rights to custody of unmarried fathers, among other topics.

In Virginia, a court may consider any of the following factors, among others, in making a decision: The age and physical and mental condition of the child, giving due consideration to the child's changing developmental needs; the age and physical and mental condition of each parent; the relationship existing between each parent and each child, giving due consideration to the positive involvement with the child's life, the ability to accurately assess and meet the emotional, intellectual and physical needs of the child; the needs of the child, giving due consideration to other important relationships of the child, including but not limited to siblings, peers and extended family members; the role that each parent has played and will play in the future, in the upbringing and care of the child; the propensity of each parent to actively support the child's contact and relationship with the other parent, including whether a parent has unreasonably denied the other parent access to or visitation with the child; the relative willingness and demonstrated ability of each parent to maintain a close and continuing relationship with the child, and the ability of each parent to cooperate in and resolve disputes regarding matters affecting the child; the reasonable preference of the child, if the court deems the child to be of reasonable intelligence, understanding, age and experience to express such a preference; any history of family abuse; and such other factors as the court deems necessary and proper to the determinatioIn Virginia, a court may consider any of the following factors, among others, in making a decision: The age and physical and mental condition of the child, giving due consideration to the child's changing developmental needs; the age and physical and mental condition of each parent; the relationship existing between each parent and each child, giving due consideration to the positive involvement with the child's life, the ability to accurately assess and meet the emotional, intellectual and physical needs of the child; the needs of the child, giving due consideration to other important relationships of the child, including but not limited to siblings, peers and extended family members; the role that each parent has played and will play in the future, in the upbringing and care of the child; the propensity of each parent to actively support the child's contact and relationship with the other parent, including whether a parent has unreasonably denied the other parent access to or visitation with the child; the relative willingness and demonstrated ability of each parent to maintain a close and continuing relationship with the child, and the ability of each parent to cooperate in and resolve disputes regarding matters affecting the child; the reasonable preference of the child, if the court deems the child to be of reasonable intelligence, understanding, age and experience to express such a preference; any history of family abuse; and such other factors as the court deems necessary and proper to the determinatioin making a decision: The age and physical and mental condition of the child, giving due consideration to the child's changing developmental needs; the age and physical and mental condition of each parent; the relationship existing between each parent and each child, giving due consideration to the positive involvement with the child's life, the ability to accurately assess and meet the emotional, intellectual and physical needs of the child; the needs of the child, giving due consideration to other important relationships of the child, including but not limited to siblings, peers and extended family members; the role that each parent has played and will play in the future, in the upbringing and care of the child; the propensity of each parent to actively support the child's contact and relationship with the other parent, including whether a parent has unreasonably denied the other parent access to or visitation with the child; the relative willingness and demonstrated ability of each parent to maintain a close and continuing relationship with the child, and the ability of each parent to cooperate in and resolve disputes regarding matters affecting the child; the reasonable preference of the child, if the court deems the child to be of reasonable intelligence, understanding, age and experience to express such a preference; any history of family abuse; and such other factors as the court deems necessary and proper to the determinatioin the future, in the upbringing and care of the child; the propensity of each parent to actively support the child's contact and relationship with the other parent, including whether a parent has unreasonably denied the other parent access to or visitation with the child; the relative willingness and demonstrated ability of each parent to maintain a close and continuing relationship with the child, and the ability of each parent to cooperate in and resolve disputes regarding matters affecting the child; the reasonable preference of the child, if the court deems the child to be of reasonable intelligence, understanding, age and experience to express such a preference; any history of family abuse; and such other factors as the court deems necessary and proper to the determinatioin the upbringing and care of the child; the propensity of each parent to actively support the child's contact and relationship with the other parent, including whether a parent has unreasonably denied the other parent access to or visitation with the child; the relative willingness and demonstrated ability of each parent to maintain a close and continuing relationship with the child, and the ability of each parent to cooperate in and resolve disputes regarding matters affecting the child; the reasonable preference of the child, if the court deems the child to be of reasonable intelligence, understanding, age and experience to express such a preference; any history of family abuse; and such other factors as the court deems necessary and proper to the determinatioin and resolve disputes regarding matters affecting the child; the reasonable preference of the child, if the court deems the child to be of reasonable intelligence, understanding, age and experience to express such a preference; any history of family abuse; and such other factors as the court deems necessary and proper to the determination.

In other words, family law disputes concern the indiscernible future, not the known past, and have repercussions affecting the day to day wellbeing of children.

While in Ottawa, he was involved in some issues that affected the Court, such as introducing child support guidelines and one of the expansions of the Unified Family Court in Ontario and other provinces.

There are many factors that affect this like socio - economic status of the family, income of the parents, number of children in the family, other insurance plans already purchased, etc..

This course can be offered in either 2 or 4 hours and is designed for professionals interested in learning more about the effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol or other drugs, the short and long term concerns of parental substance use and abuse, and recommendations for supporting children and families affected by this issue.

PD, and in particular depression, is known to have a negative impact on the individual, their relationships and family life, 3, 26 and may have long - term implications for the development of their child, adversely affecting both cognitive and psychosocial development, and behaviour.27 — 29 In depressed parents, this negative impact is thought to act via a reduction in responsive parenting behaviours and reduced quality of the parent — child relationship.30, 31 Where only one parent is depressed (more commonly the mother), the influence of the other parent can act as a buffer and over-ride most of the detrimental effecin particular depression, is known to have a negative impact on the individual, their relationships and family life, 3, 26 and may have long - term implications for the development of their child, adversely affecting both cognitive and psychosocial development, and behaviour.27 — 29 In depressed parents, this negative impact is thought to act via a reduction in responsive parenting behaviours and reduced quality of the parent — child relationship.30, 31 Where only one parent is depressed (more commonly the mother), the influence of the other parent can act as a buffer and over-ride most of the detrimental effecIn depressed parents, this negative impact is thought to act via a reduction in responsive parenting behaviours and reduced quality of the parent — child relationship.30, 31 Where only one parent is depressed (more commonly the mother), the influence of the other parent can act as a buffer and over-ride most of the detrimental effecin responsive parenting behaviours and reduced quality of the parent — child relationship.30, 31 Where only one parent is depressed (more commonly the mother), the influence of the other parent can act as a buffer and over-ride most of the detrimental effect.

An alternative explanation for the association between poverty, family instability and children's cognitive functioning is that all of these factors might be associated with each other due to their association with previous characteristics of the parent (such as mother's age and education).25, 30 According to the selection hypothesis24 parents» own characteristics may affect their ability to maintain a stable income or a stable and committed partnership, and impact on the characteristics of their children, either through the environment in the home, through genetic transmission, or more likely the combination of both.

It aims to help parents and children do the following: learn about mood disorders and their treatment; gain support from other families with similar difficulties and from professionals who understand the disorders; and build skills in 4 areas including mood symptom management, affect regulation, problem solving, and communication.

Behavior therapy is considered probably efficacious for childhood depression, and a number of other experimental interventions show promise but require further evaluation.12 Currently, only 2 research groups have focused on psychosocial interventions for childhood bipolar disorder.13 - 15 Hence, increased attention to creation and testing of treatments specifically targeting depression and bipolar disorder in children is needed.16 In particular, studies should focus on children's developmental needs, address comorbidity, involve family members in treatment, demonstrate treatment gains as rated by parents and clinicians rather than children themselves, and compare experimental interventions with standard care or treatment as usual (TAU) rather than no - treatment or attention control groups.12, 17,18 In addition, parental psychopathology may affect treatment adherence and responsin children is needed.16 In particular, studies should focus on children's developmental needs, address comorbidity, involve family members in treatment, demonstrate treatment gains as rated by parents and clinicians rather than children themselves, and compare experimental interventions with standard care or treatment as usual (TAU) rather than no - treatment or attention control groups.12, 17,18 In addition, parental psychopathology may affect treatment adherence and responsIn particular, studies should focus on children's developmental needs, address comorbidity, involve family members in treatment, demonstrate treatment gains as rated by parents and clinicians rather than children themselves, and compare experimental interventions with standard care or treatment as usual (TAU) rather than no - treatment or attention control groups.12, 17,18 In addition, parental psychopathology may affect treatment adherence and responsin treatment, demonstrate treatment gains as rated by parents and clinicians rather than children themselves, and compare experimental interventions with standard care or treatment as usual (TAU) rather than no - treatment or attention control groups.12, 17,18 In addition, parental psychopathology may affect treatment adherence and responsIn addition, parental psychopathology may affect treatment adherence and response.

In addition, because past studies have focused primarily on whether poverty affects young children's problem behaviour, research is also needed to investigate the links between low family income and other psychosocial outcomes in childreIn addition, because past studies have focused primarily on whether poverty affects young children's problem behaviour, research is also needed to investigate the links between low family income and other psychosocial outcomes in childrein children.

Violence affects children in many ways, whether it is directed at the children or directed at other members of their family and witnessed by the children.

Child contact centres can play an essential role in helping children affected by family breakdown to maintain relationships with the parent they no longer live with, or with other family members.

A family camp, outdoor movie night and end of year family celebrations are among the activities which have provided the opportunity for children, young people and their parents within bushfire affected communities to connect with each other in a supportive social environment.

In determining the best interests of a child, the court considers a variety of factors including the age, physical and mental condition of the child as well as each parent, the needs of the child, the role of each parent and the rapport of each parent, and the «willingness and demonstrated ability of each parent to maintain a close and continuing relationship with the child, and the ability of each parent to cooperate in and resolve disputes regarding matters affecting the child,» family abuse, and «other factors as the court deems necessary and proper to the determination.&raquIn determining the best interests of a child, the court considers a variety of factors including the age, physical and mental condition of the child as well as each parent, the needs of the child, the role of each parent and the rapport of each parent, and the «willingness and demonstrated ability of each parent to maintain a close and continuing relationship with the child, and the ability of each parent to cooperate in and resolve disputes regarding matters affecting the child,» family abuse, and «other factors as the court deems necessary and proper to the determination.&raquin and resolve disputes regarding matters affecting the child,» family abuse, and «other factors as the court deems necessary and proper to the determination.»

Indeed, observational studies of mealtime suggest that effective affect management, interpersonal involvement, and communication in families relate to child health.27 In a focus - group study, some adolescents reported not having shared family meals together because of dissatisfaction with family relations.25 Other barriers to sharing family meals together include parent work schedules, difficulty in planning ahead, and dealing with picky eaters.28, 29 Health professionals are advised to tailor their recommendations on the basis of their knowledge about particular family situationin families relate to child health.27 In a focus - group study, some adolescents reported not having shared family meals together because of dissatisfaction with family relations.25 Other barriers to sharing family meals together include parent work schedules, difficulty in planning ahead, and dealing with picky eaters.28, 29 Health professionals are advised to tailor their recommendations on the basis of their knowledge about particular family situationIn a focus - group study, some adolescents reported not having shared family meals together because of dissatisfaction with family relations.25 Other barriers to sharing family meals together include parent work schedules, difficulty in planning ahead, and dealing with picky eaters.28, 29 Health professionals are advised to tailor their recommendations on the basis of their knowledge about particular family situationin planning ahead, and dealing with picky eaters.28, 29 Health professionals are advised to tailor their recommendations on the basis of their knowledge about particular family situations.

In many children's and community homes a reference framework was that of the systemic approach, with the new idea of «networks» — meaning that children grow up as part of a family system in which all members interact, affecting each other all the timIn many children's and community homes a reference framework was that of the systemic approach, with the new idea of «networks» — meaning that children grow up as part of a family system in which all members interact, affecting each other all the timin which all members interact, affecting each other all the time.

When the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) was founded in 1930, the acute health care needs of children were largely infectious in nature.1 Over the ensuing 80 years, as increasingly effective vaccines, hygiene, and other public health initiatives produced dramatic gains, astute observers began to note that many noninfectious disease entities, such as developmental, behavioral, educational, and family difficulties, were playing increasingly prominent roles in affecting child health and well - being.

The General Assembly, Guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, and good faith in the fulfilment of the obligations assumed by States in accordance with the Charter, Affirming that indigenous peoples are equal to all other peoples, while recognizing the right of all peoples to be different, to consider themselves different, and to be respected as such, Affirming also that all peoples contribute to the diversity and richness of civilizations and cultures, which constitute the common heritage of humankind, Affirming further that all doctrines, policies and practices based on or advocating superiority of peoples or individuals on the basis of national origin or racial, religious, ethnic or cultural differences are racist, scientifically false, legally invalid, morally condemnable and socially unjust, Reaffirming that indigenous peoples, in the exercise of their rights, should be free from discrimination of any kind, Concerned that indigenous peoples have suffered from historic injustices as a result of, inter alia, their colonization and dispossession of their lands, territories and resources, thus preventing them from exercising, in particular, their right to development in accordance with their own needs and interests, Recognizing the urgent need to respect and promote the inherent rights of indigenous peoples which derive from their political, economic and social structures and from their cultures, spiritual traditions, histories and philosophies, especially their rights to their lands, territories and resources, Recognizing also the urgent need to respect and promote the rights of indigenous peoples affirmed in treaties, agreements and other constructive arrangements with States, Welcoming the fact that indigenous peoples are organizing themselves for political, economic, social and cultural enhancement and in order to bring to an end all forms of discrimination and oppression wherever they occur, Convinced that control by indigenous peoples over developments affecting them and their lands, territories and resources will enable them to maintain and strengthen their institutions, cultures and traditions, and to promote their development in accordance with their aspirations and needs, Recognizing that respect for indigenous knowledge, cultures and traditional practices contributes to sustainable and equitable development and proper management of the environment, Emphasizing the contribution of the demilitarization of the lands and territories of indigenous peoples to peace, economic and social progress and development, understanding and friendly relations among nations and peoples of the world, Recognizing in particular the right of indigenous families and communities to retain shared responsibility for the upbringing, training, education and well - being of their children, consistent with the rights of the child, Considering that the rights affirmed in treaties, agreements and other constructive arrangements between States and indigenous peoples are, in some situations, matters of international concern, interest, responsibility and character, Considering also that treaties, agreements and other constructive arrangements, and the relationship they represent, are the basis for a strengthened partnership between indigenous peoples and States, Acknowledging that the Charter of the United Nations, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (2) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 2 as well as the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, (3) affirm the fundamental importance of the right to self - determination of all peoples, by virtue of which they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development, Bearing in mind that nothing in this Declaration may be used to deny any peoples their right to self - determination, exercised in conformity with international law, Convinced that the recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples in this Declaration will enhance harmonious and cooperative relations between the State and indigenous peoples, based on principles of justice, democracy, respect for human rights, non-discrimination and good faith, Encouraging States to comply with and effectively implement all their obligations as they apply to indigenous peoples under international instruments, in particular those related to human rights, in consultation and cooperation with the peoples concerned,

The assumption that experiences at home affect behavior or adjustment in other contexts also causes researchers to overlook the fact that family misfortunes such as divorce have repercussions on children's lives outside the home and to assume that adverse outcomes are the results of experiences at home.

Although the Pathways Project has many goals, one important objective (see others below) is to better understand how child, family, peer and school characteristics affect the attitudes children develop toward school and the level of participation children pursue in the classroom (e.g. engagement in academic and social tasks in the classroom; initiative toward schoolwork).

I specialize in working with children, adolescents and their families; specifically with anxiety, eating disorders, trauma, domestic violence, depression, sports psychology, and other issues affecting a familyâ $ ™ s daily functioning.

Therapists are specially trained in play therapy methods and are able to utilize them to assess and treat children who have been affected by divorce, a death in the family, recent moves, and other traumatizing events in their lives.

They say the changes will see the end of the Budget Based Funded (BBF) program, which provides funding for child care centres outside the mainstream system — most of them for Indigenous families in regional and remote communities, while other changes will also particularly affect Indigenous families.

More specifically, Crockenberg and Leerkes's (2003) model suggests that child temperamental reactivity may adversely affect coparenting only in conjunction with other risk factors related to family members or family contexts and may even positively affect coparenting when such risk factors are absent.

Some kinds of contributions made «in kind» as part of a family - based arrangement can sometimes affect benefit claims, such as if your child's other parent is paying part or all of your mortgage.

The court will consider all factors relevant to the best interest of the child, including the parent's wishes, child's interactions with the family, adjustments to schooling, mental health and character of the parents, any other persons who may significantly affect the child's best interests and, in some cases, the wishes of the child.

As noted earlier, for example, the association between child care and child - parent attachment may be affected by the sensitivity of maternal care, the quality of child care, the presence of other stressors in family life, and other influences.

In making an equitable apportionment of marital property, the family court must give weight in such proportion as it finds appropriate to all of the following factors: (1) the duration of the marriage along with the ages of the parties at the time of the marriage and at the time of the divorce; (2) marital misconduct or fault of either or both parties, if the misconduct affects or has affected the economic circumstances of the parties or contributed to the breakup of the marriage; (3) the value of the marital property and the contribution of each spouse to the acquisition, preservation, depreciation, or appreciation in value of the marital property, including the contribution of the spouse as homemaker; (4) the income of each spouse, the earning potential of each spouse, and the opportunity for future acquisition of capital assets; (5) the health, both physical and emotional, of each spouse; (6) either spouse's need for additional training or education in order to achieve that spouse's income potential; (7) the non marital property of each spouse; (8) the existence or nonexistence of vested retirement benefits for each or either spouse; (9) whether separate maintenance or alimony has been awarded; (10) the desirability of awarding the family home as part of equitable distribution or the right to live therein for reasonable periods to the spouse having custody of any children; (11) the tax consequences to each or either party as a result of equitable apportionment; (12) the existence and extent of any prior support obligations; (13) liens and any other encumbrances upon the marital property and any other existing debts; (14) child custody arrangements and obligations at the time of the entry of the order; and (15) such other relevant factors as the trial court shall expressly enumerate in its ordeIn making an equitable apportionment of marital property, the family court must give weight in such proportion as it finds appropriate to all of the following factors: (1) the duration of the marriage along with the ages of the parties at the time of the marriage and at the time of the divorce; (2) marital misconduct or fault of either or both parties, if the misconduct affects or has affected the economic circumstances of the parties or contributed to the breakup of the marriage; (3) the value of the marital property and the contribution of each spouse to the acquisition, preservation, depreciation, or appreciation in value of the marital property, including the contribution of the spouse as homemaker; (4) the income of each spouse, the earning potential of each spouse, and the opportunity for future acquisition of capital assets; (5) the health, both physical and emotional, of each spouse; (6) either spouse's need for additional training or education in order to achieve that spouse's income potential; (7) the non marital property of each spouse; (8) the existence or nonexistence of vested retirement benefits for each or either spouse; (9) whether separate maintenance or alimony has been awarded; (10) the desirability of awarding the family home as part of equitable distribution or the right to live therein for reasonable periods to the spouse having custody of any children; (11) the tax consequences to each or either party as a result of equitable apportionment; (12) the existence and extent of any prior support obligations; (13) liens and any other encumbrances upon the marital property and any other existing debts; (14) child custody arrangements and obligations at the time of the entry of the order; and (15) such other relevant factors as the trial court shall expressly enumerate in its ordein such proportion as it finds appropriate to all of the following factors: (1) the duration of the marriage along with the ages of the parties at the time of the marriage and at the time of the divorce; (2) marital misconduct or fault of either or both parties, if the misconduct affects or has affected the economic circumstances of the parties or contributed to the breakup of the marriage; (3) the value of the marital property and the contribution of each spouse to the acquisition, preservation, depreciation, or appreciation in value of the marital property, including the contribution of the spouse as homemaker; (4) the income of each spouse, the earning potential of each spouse, and the opportunity for future acquisition of capital assets; (5) the health, both physical and emotional, of each spouse; (6) either spouse's need for additional training or education in order to achieve that spouse's income potential; (7) the non marital property of each spouse; (8) the existence or nonexistence of vested retirement benefits for each or either spouse; (9) whether separate maintenance or alimony has been awarded; (10) the desirability of awarding the family home as part of equitable distribution or the right to live therein for reasonable periods to the spouse having custody of any children; (11) the tax consequences to each or either party as a result of equitable apportionment; (12) the existence and extent of any prior support obligations; (13) liens and any other encumbrances upon the marital property and any other existing debts; (14) child custody arrangements and obligations at the time of the entry of the order; and (15) such other relevant factors as the trial court shall expressly enumerate in its ordein value of the marital property, including the contribution of the spouse as homemaker; (4) the income of each spouse, the earning potential of each spouse, and the opportunity for future acquisition of capital assets; (5) the health, both physical and emotional, of each spouse; (6) either spouse's need for additional training or education in order to achieve that spouse's income potential; (7) the non marital property of each spouse; (8) the existence or nonexistence of vested retirement benefits for each or either spouse; (9) whether separate maintenance or alimony has been awarded; (10) the desirability of awarding the family home as part of equitable distribution or the right to live therein for reasonable periods to the spouse having custody of any children; (11) the tax consequences to each or either party as a result of equitable apportionment; (12) the existence and extent of any prior support obligations; (13) liens and any other encumbrances upon the marital property and any other existing debts; (14) child custody arrangements and obligations at the time of the entry of the order; and (15) such other relevant factors as the trial court shall expressly enumerate in its ordein order to achieve that spouse's income potential; (7) the non marital property of each spouse; (8) the existence or nonexistence of vested retirement benefits for each or either spouse; (9) whether separate maintenance or alimony has been awarded; (10) the desirability of awarding the family home as part of equitable distribution or the right to live therein for reasonable periods to the spouse having custody of any children; (11) the tax consequences to each or either party as a result of equitable apportionment; (12) the existence and extent of any prior support obligations; (13) liens and any other encumbrances upon the marital property and any other existing debts; (14) child custody arrangements and obligations at the time of the entry of the order; and (15) such other relevant factors as the trial court shall expressly enumerate in its ordein its order.

Other aspects that affect parenting, including the involvement of fathers in their children's lives, sources of parenting stress and family support, workplace factors, and the quality of child care and educational experiences must obviously be considered.

While most studies carried out in this area of research tend to find that income has an independent effect even when potential mediators have been adjusted for, 35,37,44 others have managed to fully «explain'the direct effect of family income.24 Nevertheless, it is important to bear in mind that the identification of pathways through which parental income affects children's intellectual development is not to prove income unimportant.

In contrast, maternal negative affect and behavior in the NICU was unrelated to later measurements of the same behaviors as well as other child and family factorIn contrast, maternal negative affect and behavior in the NICU was unrelated to later measurements of the same behaviors as well as other child and family factorin the NICU was unrelated to later measurements of the same behaviors as well as other child and family factors.

A growing body of evidence suggests that stressors associated with war - related events may predispose youth to adverse outcomes.10 - 17 This stream of research is consistent with family systems theory, which suggests that the experiences of a military - connected parent will affect the functioning of youth in that family system.18 Although some studies have considered the impact of military life during wartime, 12,17,19 to our knowledge, most researchers have examined negative outcomes associated specifically with deployments.1, 7,20 These studies have examined the psychosocial functioning of children during the deployment of a parent4, 14 or following 1 or multiple deployments.11, 13,21 Although many military - connected youth fare relatively well despite stressors, these studies concluded that a sizeable proportion appears to struggle with experiences of deployment and other war - related stressors.

Affect expression in the family, children's understanding of emotions, and their interactions with others