Sentences with phrase «affect surface waters»

Not exact matches

The second and third stage use two carbon block filters with large surface areas to remove the mineral and chemical impurities that affect the taste, odor, and color of your water.

This means they could spread microplastic pollution throughout the marine ecosystem, by carrying microplastics from the surface down to deeper waters, affecting deep - sea organisms.

Kadri says the results may help scientists connect interactions between not only surface and deep ocean waters, but also with the atmospheric forces that affect surface waves.

The simulations suggest that over decades, these warming events dramatically perturb the ocean surface, affecting the flow of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, a system of currents that acts like a conveyor belt moving water around the planet.

The team took a close look at a 2012 - 2013 drought and flood cycle that affected much of the Midwestern U.S., leading to a nitrogen spike in surface waters.

«The predicted changes in surface water temperatures will affect the thermal characteristics of the lakes,» said Dokulil.

Dr Paolo Cipollini from NOC explained: «When a satellite altimeter overpasses the area affected by a surge, it gives us a unique profile of the water surface level from offshore to the coast, as well as concurrent measurements of wave height.

«The way water interacts with a surface affects many processes,» said Songi Han, a UC Santa Barbara professor of chemistry and author on a recent paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Position in the water — submerged versus at the surface — also significantly affected prey - capture success, with two-fold greater capture rate when submerged while attacking prey.

Prof Angus Gray - Weale from the Chemistry, Department of Chemistry University of Melbourne said, «The surface tension of water affects its behavior and changes with pH but previous research about the adsorption of various ions at the interface all ignored the presence of the hydroxide ion and its charge.»

«Continued monitoring of shelf inputs to Arctic surface waters is therefore vital to understand how the changing climate will affect the chemistry, biology, and economic resources of the Arctic Ocean,» the study's authors wrote.

This illustration shows how the different effective viscosity of water affects the force required to slide two surfaces separated by a thin layer of water when confined by a hydrophilic material or a hydrophobic material.

Mavrikakis, assistant scientist Guowen Peng and Ph.D. student Carrie Farberow, along with researchers at Aarhus University in Denmark and Lund University in Sweden, investigated how hydroxyls affect water molecules around them, and how that differs from water molecules contacting a pristine metal oxide surface.

«Once the melts reach the surface, the water can directly affect the explosiveness of magma.

Studies how precipitation affects groundwater levels, how surface water and groundwater travels on (hydrologist) and under (hydrogeologist) the earth and how water evaporates back into the atmosphere.

In some areas, the heat build - up is forming a dense layer of oxygen - poor surface water, which affects ocean organisms like plankton.

The quality in these surface waters is so poor that aquatic life is affected,» says Heleen de Wit, senior research scientist at the Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA).

Climate - driven variation affects oceanic communities from surface waters to the much - overlooked deep sea....»

Also, «water usage and water security are increasingly alarming problems,» especially considering approximately half of the cultivated surface of Earth is affected by drought, said Jocelyn Rose, the project's principal investigator (PI), a professor of plant biology and director of Cornell's Institute of Biotechnology.

The roughness of a surface affects how well water soaks into it.

   (d) A primary place or enclosure, the place where dogs are routinely kept, that is not overcrowded, that has a nonporous, solid surface for flooring that can be sanitized, that is well - ventilated with air circulating at a rate of 8 to 12 times per hour, that has adequate lighting, and is dry, clean and sanitary and free from animal feces and wastes, spoiled or contaminated food, dirty water, parasites or pests, trash, debris, sharp or dangerous objects and offensive odors or other contaminants that could affect the animal's health or injure the animal.

Regional variations arise because the Earth's gravity field is affected in multiple ways by the melt of ice, due to the direct effect of surface mass changes (the gravity field is determined by the distribution of mass), the consequent deformation of the Solid Earth (removing a load causes the Earth's surface to rebound, which in turn changes the distribution of the Earth's mass), the consequent redistribution of ocean water (the ocean surface is shaped by the gravity filed) and perturbations of the Earth's rotation axis (because of mass redistribution).

Ocean serves as the memory whereby slow oceanic Rossby waves and Kelvin waves propagate through the basin and affect the depth of the oceanic surface layer of warm water.

The argument isn't actually as firm a constraint as generally believed, since the infrared radiative cooling of the atmosphere is affected by the temperature difference between air and the underlying surface, which can adjust to accommodate any amount of evaporation Nature wants to dump into the atmosphere (as shown in Pierrehumbert 1999 («Subtropical water vapor...» available here)-RRB-.

We must be able to discuss how those warm water incursions that lay below the surface for 15 years can affect sea ice.

The sinking is mainly driven by the saltiness of the water, which is affected by evaporation of fresh water from the surface or, particularly in the Arctic, freezing seawater which leaves salt behind in the water beneath the ice.

This means that the water vapour greenhouse effect feedback depends on the surface specific heat, latitude and altitude; all of which affect temperature.

It goes on to say: «On a global scale, climate is determined by the sun's energy affecting materials such as soil, rocks, and water at and near the Earth's surface.»

(2) there is verifiable concurrent increasing cyanobacterial productivity in these waters AND the emergence of two strands (consortia) of bacteria which bloom twice a year (unlike the SH below 30 S) thereby increasing the proportion of the year in which the sea surface is affected.

Their causes range from completely unpredictable events like volcanic eruptions (which have mainly local effects) to more regular phenomena such as «El Niño» (a warming of the surface waters of the tropical Pacific that occurs every three to five years, temporarily affecting weather world - wide).

Subsequently, climate change has been greatly affected as Antarctic Intermediate Water have cooled and exerted a tremendous effect on tropical sea surface temperatures for millions of years via «ocean tunneling».

Using large volumes of ground water or surface water in some arid locations may affect the ecosystems that depend on these water resources.

The wind affects the water at the surface more than it does the deep water.

Primary production will change in the surface layers according to sun exposure, water temperature, major stratification of water masses, for example, and this will affect the food chain down to the deep seafloor, which will be subject to differences in quantity, quality, and timing of organic matter input.

On my rough calcs, this upwelling of cold deep water spreading out under the tradewinds will be enough to affect surface temps at the times of climate regime reversals, and sure enough there is a giveaway dip near the peak of the AMO, and the troughs are spikier than the crests of the AMO curve.

This can be affected by warming temperatures, but also by changes in snowfall, increases in solar radiation absorption due to a decrease in cloud cover, and increases in the water vapor content of air near the earth's surface.2, 14,15,16,17 In Cordillera Blanca, Peru, for example, one study of glacier retreat between 1930 and 1950 linked the retreat to a decline in cloud cover and precipitation.18

Rather than travelling in the same direction as the trade winds, the net flow of water in the surface layers affected by the wind are 90 degrees to the direction of travel - to the right in the Northern Hemisphere, and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.

In the case of water surfaces, the transfer is by convection and may consequently be affected by the horizontal transport of heat within large bodies of water.

They have a significant effect on water salinity, pollution, carbon and nutrient levels, sea surface temperature, and other physical properties in these regions of the ocean, and the variations they cause can, in turn, affect the well - being of marine ecosystems and climate.

Furthermore, the sea - ice cover strongly affects biological productivity, as a more closed sea - ice cover reduces primary production due to low light influx in the surface waters.

Global warming affects evapotranspiration — the movement of water into the atmosphere from land and water surfaces and plants due to evaporation and transpiration — which is expected to lead to:

As carbon dioxide is acidic, the surface waters of the oceans could become more acidic than ever before in five million years, reducing the capacity of shell - forming species to form shells and affecting the marine food chain.

In some areas, the heat build - up is forming a dense layer of oxygen - poor surface water, which affects ocean organisms like plankton.

Ocean acidification, rising ocean temperatures, declining sea ice, and other environmental changes interact to affect the location and abundance of marine fish, including those that are commercially important, those used as food by other species, and those used for subsistence.16, 17,18,122,19,20,21 These changes have allowed some near - surface fish species such as salmon to expand their ranges northward along the Alaskan coast.124, 125,126 In addition, non-native species are invading Alaskan waters more rapidly, primarily through ships releasing ballast waters and bringing southerly species to Alaska.5, 127 These species introductions could affect marine ecosystems, including the feeding relationships of fish important to commercial and subsistence fisheries.

«More CO2 promotes more plant growth both on land and throughout the surface waters of the world's oceans, and this vast assemblage of plant life has the ability to affect Earth's climate in several ways, almost all of them tending to counteract the heating effects of CO2's thermal radiative forcing.»

This radiative response by the system is due predominantly to increased thermal radiation, but it is modified by climate feedbacks such as changes in water vapour, clouds and surface albedo, which affect both outgoing longwave and reflected shortwave radiation.

Experts mooted various hypotheses about how changes in the surface waters might affect CO2 levels.

Here we examine the hypothesis4 that CO2 variations arose from changes in ocean circulation that affected the distribution of chemical properties and thus of P CO 2 in the surface waters of the world ocean.

As you might expect, this affects how water evaporates off the ocean surface, and therefore rainfall across the world as well.

An important contribution to present day sea level rise could result from changes in the amount of water stored in the ground, on the surface in lakes and reservoirs, and by modifications to surface characteristics affecting runoff or evapotranspiration rates.