Sentences with phrase «affect their offspring in»

How do the expectations or life legacy of fathers affect their offspring in this story?

Most the affected offspring in these litters had choroidal hypoplasia.

Not exact matches

If an individual acquires a character during its lifetime, that does not increase the probability that its offspring will exhibit the character; but if the development of some members of a population are affected by the environment in ways which improve their chance of leaving offspring, this will obviously increase their contribution to later generations, that is to say, their natural selective value; and the frequency of that character in later generations will be increased, not by any physiological or genetical change, but by the operation of selection.

To see how the new habitats affected these populations, evolutionary ecologist Alexander Badyaev of Auburn University in Alabama and colleague Geoffrey Hill tagged thousands of birds at each site and followed their offspring from hatching through adulthood.

Adult offspring exposed in utero had increased liver fibrosis and inflammation, with both male and female mice affected.

The researchers investigated 16 groups of female and male mice offspring exposed to maternal diet - induced obesity and male hormone excess and studied how these environmental factors affected the mice's behaviour as well as gene expression in the brain.

«Mothers» sleep, late in pregnancy, affects offspring's weight gain as adults.»

The process by which a mother's diet during pregnancy can permanently affect her offspring's attributes, such as weight, could be strongly influenced by genetic variation in an unexpected part of the genome, according to research led by Queen Mary University of London (QMUL).

In this case, the model could hold new revelations about how stress during pregnancy could affect both the mother and her offspring.

This temporary colonization of E.coli in the mother affected the immune system of her offspring; after birth, the offspring harbored more innate lymphoid and mononuclear cells in their intestines compared to mice born to microbe - free pregnant mothers.

A study of the long - lived seabird, the European shag, published in the journal Functional Ecology shows that parental age may affect how long offspring live.

Prof. Ruiling Zhang and team from Xinxiang Medical University explored the correlation between cyclin - dependent kinase 5 expression in the hippocampus and neurological impairments following prenatal ethanol exposure, and found that prenatal ethanol exposure could affect cyclin - dependent kinase 5 and its activator p35 in the hippocampus of offspring rats.

Maternal alcohol consumption prior to and during pregnancy significantly affects cognitive functions in offspring, which may be related to changes in cyclin - dependent kinase 5 because it is associated with modulation of synaptic plasticity and impaired learning and memory.

But because the vinclozolin - induced fertility changes occurred in almost every male rat descended from a treated mother rather than in a small percentage of offspring (as is seen in germ line mutations caused by radiation), Skinner suspects an epigenetic mechanism — a change that doesn't mutate the DNA sequence of an animal, but rather affects how genes are expressed.

Here, we used parentage analysis with multilocus microsatellite markers to measure how varying levels of genetic introgression with non-native rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) affect reproductive success (number of offspring per adult) of native westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) in the wild.

After analyzing news coverage levels, the researchers administered a survey in March 2013 to 822 new and expectant mothers to determine if they incidentally encountered, or «scanned,» news about chemicals in the prior 6 months and how such scanning was related to their behavior to reduce chemical exposures that might affect their offspring.

Thus, placental function appears to be affected differently for male or female offspring, potentially framing sex differences in metabolic, immunological, and inflammatory responses (186).

How these interactions could affect reproduction in the herbivores and impact their offspring are exciting directions for future research, he adds.

Furthermore, lower high - density lipoprotein (HDL)- cholesterol was seen in female offspring, if both parents were affected with diabetes.

Throughout literature, GDM is associated with several adverse pregnancy outcomes affecting not only mothers but also their offspring in a sex - specific way (87, 88).

This study describes for the first time that suboptimal IVC affects male fertility and that a paternal IVC effect induces intergenerational transmission of a glucose metabolism alteration and hepatomegaly phenotype to their male offspring, confirming that programming events triggered by preimplantational growth restrictions may induce persistent and transmissible phenotypic abnormalities in subsequent generations.

«In this study, biological offspring with two previous generations affected with major depression were at highest risk for major depression,» concluded a team led by Myrna Weissman of Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, in New York CitIn this study, biological offspring with two previous generations affected with major depression were at highest risk for major depression,» concluded a team led by Myrna Weissman of Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, in New York Citin New York City.

What we are learning is that the in utero environment may also affect the timing of future pubertal development in offspring, which makes sense since human brains are developed in utero and the brain releases hormones affecting puberty,» said study lead author Ai Kubo.

The results from these studies suggest that maternal antibodies targeting the brain can affect brain development in their offspring, resulting in altered cognition, behavior and motor skills.

Mating; fertility; gestational indices; ovarian primordial follicle counts; estrous cyclicity; precoital interval; gestational length; offspring sex ratios; postnatal survival; nipple / areolae retention in preweanling males; epididymal sperm number, motility, and morphology; daily sperm production; and efficiency of daily sperm production were not affected at any exposure.

If screening detects that a dog is predisposed to a genetic disease (or likely to produce affected offspring) and / or perhaps already in the early stages of the disease, then no breeding can take place under the scheme.

In addition, don't breed offspring or littermates of affected dogs.

It is not a matter of simply avoiding Cyd and Jordan in a pedigree, as there are many unidentified carriers in the breed, and at present it is not possible to identify a carrier, unless it has produced an affected offspring.

The occurrence of renal disease in young Shih - Tzu puppies and the fact that usually more than one puppy in a litter and in some instances, the entire litter is affected leads us to suspect it is inherited and that every effort should be made by Shih - Tzu breeders to avoid breeding any stock whose former offspring have been affected.

In order to avoid producing crd2 - affected offspring, at least one dog of any breeding pair should be homozygous Normal / Clear (See chart below).

They are in need of blood samples from PRA affected dogs, their littermates, parents and / or offspring.

In the Cocker spaniel we have found that the risk of getting affected offspring increases when one or more parents are affected by distichiasis, suggesting the accumulation of presumed predisposing genes.

In order to avoid producing affected offspring, carriers of the rcd1b mutation should never be bred to other carriers or to affected dogs (see chart below).

The relative risk (RR) of producing affected offspring was found to increase with the number of affected parents in the breeding combination.

The heritability of distichiasis was estimated according to methods described for threshold characters -LRB-[14]-RRB- and found to be in the range of 0.22 - 0.51 depending on whether the estimate was based on the offspring from matings between one affected and one healthy parent or matings between two affected parents.

I.e., in offspring produced by one affected and one unaffected parent the relative risk was 1.3 times higher compared to the risk in offspring produced by two unaffected dogs.

In offspring produced by two affected dogs the relative risk was 1.4 times higher compared to offspring from the previously mentioned mating combination and 1.8 times higher compared to offspring produced by two unaffected dogs.

Only 3 of the affected dogs had an affected parent, and breedings between an affected and an unaffected parent could produce either all unaffected offspring or a mix of affected and unaffected offspring in the same litter.

It is important to never breed two dogs together that carry one or more copies of the mutation, in order to avoid producing offspring that are affected with BFJE.

They also live in harsh conditions and can have a variety of health issues that can affect the health of their offspring.

Test breeding of epileptic dams and sires done by veterinary researchers have produced incidences of epilepsy in the offspring ranging from between 38 % (affected to nonaffected) to 100 % (breeding together of two affected dogs).

In some Burmese families, > 10 % of the offspring are affected (14).

In the miniature schnauzer, a swallowing condition is inherited but appears to be complex with some, but fewer, affected offspring from outcross breedings (Cox et al., 1980).

Professor Bedford's advise at that time was: In general to contain the problem, would be DO NOT BREED from the affected dog, its parents, its siblings or its offspring.

In subsequent generations a carrier mated to a carrier, say, Cockapoo to Cockapoo (known as the F2 generation) could produce offspring which are affected by the recessive disease.

In the case of recessive mutations, affected dogs — those with two copies of the mutation — should not be bred if there are serious quality - of - life or financial issues because all offspring will have at least one copy of the mutation.

The people whose pets are producing unwanted offspring are seldom people who license their pets in the first place, so increasing license fees will not affect them.

Roughly the same situation occurs with a dominant disease that has a post - reproductive age of onset, since as many as half of the offspring of an affected dog will become afflicted in their lifetime, but not until they have passed on the disease gene to half of their offspring.

This means that, although the condition can be ameliorated in most cases with the proper treatment, the affected dog will always remain a carrier of the disease for the rest of its life and it can transmit the condition to its offspring.

Conversely, if the disease gene is rare in a breed, it is improbable that affected offspring will result, though it would be more likely when line - breeding than outcrossing.