Sentences with phrase «affected by precipitation»

The portion reflected (called the albedo) is affected by precipitation and ablation, because fresh snow is more reflective than old snow or ablating ice.

As I understand it, tree ring widths are not 100 % correlated with temperature — we understand that, at the very least, they are affected by precipitation and fertilization.

Not exact matches

«As powerful as the cycle is, it is also surprisingly susceptible to environmental changes — and humankind is imposing massive perturbations on Amazonia by both cutting down the trees and heating up the air with greenhouse gases, which reduces large - scale moisture transport and precipitation, and end up affecting even the untouched patches of the forests.»

The gathering will draw approximately 400 representatives from other Arctic nations and interested foreign observers, and will give Obama a platform to highlight how changes in the Arctic will affect the rest of the world by accelerating warming, contributing to sea - level rise and changing precipitation patterns at lower altitudes.

Pinyon jay: flight to nowhere Johnson and his team used climate models to study the relationship between each target species and the vegetation it uses for food resources, which is affected by shifts in temperature and precipitation.

Climate change can affect mountain streams in two major ways: By raising the overall temperature, increasing evapotranspiration, and by shifting the precipitation from snow to raiBy raising the overall temperature, increasing evapotranspiration, and by shifting the precipitation from snow to raiby shifting the precipitation from snow to rain.

And as the measure is a ratio it should not be affected by absolute amounts of precipitation (as far as I've read).

Why It Matters: The Earth's water cycle is affected by energy exchanges via evaporation, transpiration, condensation, and precipitation, to name a few.

There were no significant trends in mean annual total precipitation or total precipitation affected area but we did observe a significant increase in mean annual rain - free days, where the mean number of dry days increased by 1.31 days per decade and the global area affected by anomalously dry years significantly increased by 1.6 % per decade.

Radiation biases are largely affected by cloud simulations, while EF bias is largely affected by soil moisture modulated by seasonal accumulated precipitation and evaporation.

Key facts about the lesson are: The content covered by the lesson are; the water cycle as a system, the states of water and the proportion of water in different states, features / components of the water cycle (transpiration, percolation etc), flows and stores in the water cycle, factors that affect the rates of precipitation, condensation, evaporation, infiltration, percolation and interception in the water cycle.

Environments have different gravity, temperatures, humidity and weather effects (precipitation affected by temperature leads to rain, hail or snow fall).

There are often large variation in the temperature and precipitation statistics over short distances because the local climatic characteristics are affected by the local geography.

I suspect detection of TC events by oxygen - 18 ratios is complicated by the fact that oxygen - 18 ratios are also affected by summer to winter precipitation ratios, although the very different timescales make it possible to disentangle such issues.

The constraining of the atmospheric model affect the predictions where there are no observations because most of the weather elements — except for precipitation — do not change abruptly over short distance (mathematically, we say that they are described by «spatially smooth and slowly changing functions»).

In the Northeast, «Communities are affected by heat waves, more extreme precipitation events, and coastal flooding due to sea level rise and storm surge,» for example, while in the Southeast and Caribbean, «Decreased water availability, exacerbated by population growth and land - use change, causes increased competition for water.

Observational constraints, model parameterizations, and complex interactions between the model and the observations all affect the subsequent precipitation forecast generated by the system.

So, while the environment that produces precipitation is affected by the observational analysis, precipitation relies on the model physics, and has significant uncertainty.

Hundreds of millions of people in urban areas across the world will be affected by rising sea levels, increased precipitation, inland floods, more frequent and stronger cyclones and storms, and periods of more extreme heat and cold.

This can be affected by warming temperatures, but also by changes in snowfall, increases in solar radiation absorption due to a decrease in cloud cover, and increases in the water vapor content of air near the earth's surface.2, 14,15,16,17 In Cordillera Blanca, Peru, for example, one study of glacier retreat between 1930 and 1950 linked the retreat to a decline in cloud cover and precipitation.18

The atmospheric warming is the factor that can best explain this consistency, up to ~ 0.7 °C since 1950 and more marked since 1976, while the trend in precipitation is much less homogeneous over this area and is affected by a significant decadal variability.

Precipitation changes might be significant in particular localities, especially where precipitation is affected by atmospheric circulation changes, as seems recently to have been the case with southern Scandinavian glaciers (OerlPrecipitation changes might be significant in particular localities, especially where precipitation is affected by atmospheric circulation changes, as seems recently to have been the case with southern Scandinavian glaciers (Oerlprecipitation is affected by atmospheric circulation changes, as seems recently to have been the case with southern Scandinavian glaciers (Oerlemans, 1999).

As you know, salinity affects evaporation and / or may reflect an influx (or lack) of fresh water (by precipitation, riverine, or runoff).

Since large portions of the mid - and high latitude land areas have had increasing precipitation during the last half the 20th century, the question arises as to how much of this area is affected by increases in heavy and extreme precipitation rates.

The climatic factors listed by Bradley (and Wegman) that affect individual tree - ring growth include sunlight, precipitation, temperature, wind speed and humidity.

Importantly, the changes in cereal yield projected for the 2020s and 2080s are driven by GHG - induced climate change and likely do not fully capture interannual precipitation variability which can result in large yield reductions during dry periods, as the IPCC (Christensen et al., 2007) states: ``... there is less confidence in the ability of the AOGCMs (atmosphere - ocean general circulation models) to generate interannual variability in the SSTs (sea surface temperatures) of the type known to affect African rainfall, as evidenced by the fact that very few AOGCMs produce droughts comparable in magnitude to the Sahel droughts of the 1970s and 1980s.»

Is tree vigor somehow affected by interannual variations in precipitation?

The rest of the Northeast and New England, in a typical El Niño winter, have equal chances of seeing above - or below - normal precipitation and temperature, meaning they are not affected by El Niño as much as other locations across the country.

By modifying the evaporation and precipitation rate, the global warming will probably affect the hydrous climate balance and therefore the Tunisian water resources.

In our simulations, when precipitation fell below average, the trees quickly shed foliage to adapt to the drier conditions, and tree vigor was negatively affected by the sudden drop in leaf area as indicated by the decrease in the following year's GE (ratio of change in the change in LAI to stem diameter).

They also captured rapid changes in wind speed that occur around the eye of the cyclone, which did not appear to be affected by any data loss, like what can be caused by heavy precipitation in other satellite data.

Scidev.net: Scientists in Saudi Arabia say that by the end of 2050 parts of the country will be hotter and have reduced precipitation, which could affect agricultural productivity.

«The authors demonstrate that model estimates of climate sensitivity can be strongly affected by the manner through which cumulus cloud condensate is converted into precipitation in a model's convection parameterization, processes that are only crudely accounted for in GCMs.

This rapid change might affect the availability of water resources by altering the rates of evaporation and precipitation.

We find that the reported discrepancy can be traced to two main issues: (1) unforced internal climate variability strongly affects local wetness and dryness trends and can obscure underlying agreement with WWDD, and (2) dry land regions are not constrained to become drier by enhanced moisture divergence since evaporation can not exceed precipitation over multiannual time scales.

Given the coarse resolution of global climate models, downscaling techniques are often needed to generate finer scale projections of variables affected by local - scale processes such as precipitation.

Extra heat of this kind would also tend to enhance precipitation extremes — more rain when it does rain and far more intense drought in areas affected by heat and atmospheric ridging.

We know these clouds are related to low - level stability, but they also are affected by shallow convection, precipitation processes, and changes in the capping inversion height.

Thus, glaciers in the steep Himalayas are not only affected by temperature and precipitation, but also by debris coverage, and have no uniform and less predictable response, explained the authors.

· The oceans» uptake and storage capacity for greenhouse gases will be affected by changes in nutrient availability resulting from other changes in precipitation, runoff, and atmospheric deposition.

In contrast, the west coast of North America is affected by increased precipitation resulting in moister soil and more moderate increases in extreme temperature.

• The oceans» uptake and storage capacity for greenhouse gases will be affected further by changes in nutrient availability in the ocean resulting from other changes in precipitation, runoff, and atmospheric deposition.

These anomalies are then transported by major ocean currents to locations where the stored energy is released into the atmosphere, altering atmospheric pressure and moisture patterns that can ultimately affect regional precipitation.

It seems possible that the effects of temperature and soil moisture investigated by Prof. Salby are essentially a proxy for ENSO as ENSO affects both temperature and precipitation in the Americas and Australasia.

In fact, according to [Moelg and Hardy, 2004] precipitation aids net accumulation much more through the albedo affect, which reduces ablation, than through the mass added directly by snowfall.

Winter precipitation is also affected by the changing atmospheric circulation, with localised increases in precipitation associated with more winter storms and a strengthened winter storm track.

Global measurements of precipitation will be adversely affected by all three lost capabilities.

The River Lavant valley in Austria, which has a low level of precipitation and a limited number of springs, has already been affected by water shortages during hot summers, the EEA writes.

Another body of evidence suggests that human settlements, coastal and otherwise, are affected by climate change - related shifts in precipitation.

Data compiled by the U.S. government's Africa Standardized Precipitation Index shows rainfall in Lesotho has been below normal for the past few months, exacerbating the after - affects of the 2015 - 16 drought.