Sentences with phrase «affects brain structure»

In the first known study of its kind, researchers have shown that the language we learn as children affects brain structure, as does hearing status.

«We found that ZNF804A affects brain structure and function during early fetal development,» said Mao.

For more consistent results, the researchers only recruited women, and the participants completed surveys to see if there were any other factors at work that could affect brain structure, such as depression or level of formal education.

They found that overall, medication does indeed affect brain structure and function to a degree detectable by imaging.

Researchers from the University of Granada (UGR) have proven, for the first time in history, that physical fitness in children may affect their brain structure, which in turn may have an influence on their academic performance.

The study also demonstrates an association between NCAN variations with volumes of certain brain regions in young adults and infants, suggesting that the gene is able to affect brain structure and function.

The report demonstrates phenotypic variability in regard to the presence of observed microcephaly as well as the degree of brain damage and affected brain structures with congenital ZIKV infection.

Depending on stimulation parameters (frequency, intensity, pulse duration, stimulation site), repetitive TMS (rTMS) to specific cortical regions can either increase or decrease the excitability of the affected brain structures.

The focus of Dr. Smoller's research interests has been 1) understanding the genetic and environmental determinants of psychiatric disorders across the lifespan; 2) integrating genomics and neuroscience to unravel how genes affect brain structure and function; and 3) using «big data», including electronic health records and genomics, to advance precision medicine.

ECD programmes can take many forms, including promotion of good health and nutrition, support for safe and stimulating environments, protection from risks such as violence or abandonment, parenting support and early learning experiences, media, preschools and community groups.4 Poverty is the key underlying cause of poor child development; children living in poverty are exposed to many negative influences, including poor physical environments, inadequate nutrition, parental stress and insufficient cognitive stimulation.5 Undernutrition can influence brain development directly by affecting brain structure and function, or indirectly via poor physical or motor development, in addition to other pathways.6 — 8 Exposure to multiple co-occurring risks most likely contributes to greater disparities in developmental trajectories among children with differential exposure.9 — 12 This paper focuses on associations between specific aspects of children's physical environments — access to improved water and sanitation (W&S)-- and childhood development as measured by performance on a test of receptive language.

In addition, the research on institutionalized children indicates that institutionalization and other adverse early experiences (for example, having multiple caregivers and being held and stimulated less) may affect brain structure and activity.23 Findings from these studies suggest that the timing and duration of institutionalization are important.

Not exact matches

How Stress Affects the BrainHow chronic stress can affect the brain's size, structure, and how it functions:

Computer simulations and hands - on displays allow visitors to Marvelous Molecules — The Secret of Life at the New York Hall of Science to peek inside the molecular structure of living things to see how chemicals affect the brain and how DNA passes on genetic traits.

Scientists suspect that one of the key areas especially affected is the thalamus, a walnut - size structure at the base of the brain that is the gateway for sensory information — taste, touch, vision, and hearing.

Severe CTE was defined as tau clusters and several other degenerative abnormalities affecting not only the cortex, but deeper brain structures including the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the brain stem.

These disorders are associated with changes to the brain structure: for example, the hippocampus in the temporal lobe is usually smaller in affected individuals than in healthy ones.

He isolated genetic mutations that altered the structure of the ASPM protein and thus could have affected brain size, while weeding out the random mutations that had no structural effect and hence would have been unaffected by evolutionary pressures.

«Severe stress affects the size of the structures in the brain, causes cell death, and affects the number of connections between brain cells,» observes Kalin.

«In utero conditions can affect a teen's brain development: Factors such as placement in the womb and access to nutrition impact cortical structure.»

«Additionally, we have shown that the Zika virus contains structures that are unique from the viruses in the same family that affect brains, such as the West Nile virus, and also those that cause fever, such as the dengue virus.

Nevertheless, in the case of ET, some researchers theorize that variation in LINGO1 may preferentially affect cells in the brain's cerebellum, a brain structure that edits rough motor programs to produce coordinated movements.

The language you speak not only affects your brain's structure, it influences how you see the world and who you are.

The entorhinal cortex is the first structure in the brain to be affected by Alzheimer's disease, and getting or feeling lost is one of the disease's first symptoms.

To understand the mechanism behind this, the researchers measured how darkness affects levels of a protein, called NF - L, that helps stabilize the shape and structure of neurons in the brain.

«What we are trying to do is identify the function of genes and how they affect the way the individuals process information and the structure of the brain.

It may, for example, partly account for the differences in brain structure and behavior between identical twins, and could even affect thought processes by subtly influencing the changes in nerve cell connections that occur with experience.

Both assessments test spatial learning and require proper activation of the hippocampus, a brain structure that is one of the regions affected earliest in Alzheimer's disease.

While many contend that the earliest cognitive deficits are caused by damage to the striatum — a structure deep in the brain known to be severely affected in HD — recent evidence suggests that this claim may paint an incomplete picture of the widespread changes occurring in the brains of HD patients during the very early stages of the disease.

However, in patient 1, one of the most severely affected infants, important brain structures such as the thalamus could not be identified, and the mother reported symptoms of ZIKV infection later than others at 18 weeks of gestation.

We know a great deal about the genomic mechanisms through which androgens and estrogens influence behavior; by turning genes on and off and thus affecting levels of proteins in cells, they slowly sculpt the brain circuits and peripheral structures required to produce social output.

When a tumor develops in the brain, spinal tissue, or affecting the nervous system, tumor growth is a significant concern due to the location around delicate tissue and structures.

«A concussion is basically a traumatic injury where brain function is affected, but in general, brain structure is not affected,» says Andrew Tucker, MD, the medical director of the MedStar Union Memorial Sports Medicine Program in Columbia, Md., and the head physician of the Baltimore Ravens.

After the completion of the training programme, the participants were once again examined to determine how this physical activity affected cognitive performance, brain structure and brain metabolism.

The brain is largely made up of fat, and the fats we eat directly affect its structure and function, providing insulation around nerve cells, supporting neurotransmitter production, and helping maintain healthy communication between neurons.

Luk and her researchers are looking at the neuroscience of bilingualism — at how bilingualism may affect the physical structure of the brain in its different regions.

How do social and biological factors interact to affect children's behavior, and what are the brain structures and functions involved?

Multiple studies have found parallels in brain structure and even identified specific gene analogues when comparing affected humans and canines.

The selective breeding of dogs has undoubtedly affected the sizes of dogs» brains, and it's now thought to have even affected the structure of certain breeds» brains.

Medical conditions that can affect behavior can range from brain injuries due to seizures or illness; blindness; deafness; loss of a limb, tail, ear, or facial structure (such as a dog that has been used for dog fighting); and balance problems.

The results showed that romantic love actually affects brain architecture — meaning the physical structures of the brain.

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For example — exposure to trauma and neglect will affect not only behavioural and emotional outcomes but also the growth and structure of the brain.

Conversely, trauma — abuse, neglect, exposure to violence, lack of attachment, and other adverse childhood experiences — affect the structure and chemistry of the brain and can stunt its natural growth and maturation.

Animal studies have shown that direct glucocorticoid exposure results in a loss of pyramidal neurons and dendritic branching in the hippocampus, meaning that the organic structure of this brain area was affected by this hormone, likely resulting in a decrease neuronal synapses that would facilitate integration.

Specific brain structures (amygdala, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex) are adversely affected by stress.

However, structures involved in affect regulation are among the last to mature in the developing brain; therefore, many adolescents may not be adequately equipped to regulate their affect.

Recent research has also highlighted that CSA may affect the structure and function of some areas of the brain, including the hippocampus, amygdala and cerebral cortex (Teicher and Samson 2016).

The mechanism by which adverse life events may affect ODD is still unclear, and may vary between types of event; potential explanations include (a) negative effects on maturation of cerebral brain structures in the child due to stress, (b) teaching individuals to use antisocial strategies to cope with stressful situations, and (c) causing an overactive sympathetic nervous system [7, 29].