Sentences with phrase «affects coastal ecosystems»

Dr. Martone's analyses of the effects of sea otters on kelp forest ecosystems can help shape predictions of how climate change and trophic cascades, in concert with other drivers, affect coastal ecosystems.

We are unlocking the secrets of how these microbes affect coastal ecosystems.

Not exact matches

Students use a spotting level to investigate coastal ecosystems and raise awareness about how their communities will be affected.

Implications for ecosystems and the species that inhabit them include disruptions to beaches, coastal vegetation and reefs; ocean - going birds and transoceanic migrants also could be affected.

Reducing stressors that exacerbate ocean acidification conditions — Managers can support the resilience of reefs by reducing other stressors that affect marine ecosystems (e.g., declining water quality, coastal pollution, and overfishing of important species and functional groups, such as herbivores.

Warmer waters affect both river and coastal ecosystems, threatening salmon runs and other important marine and freshwater species.

Bridlington, Whitby, and other English coastal towns have long depended on the North Sea fishery for food and income.2 But global warming is affecting plankton and changing the marine food chain, compounding the pressures of overfishing.3 The resulting disruption of the ecosystem could damage the fishing industry and hurt North Sea coastal communities from the United Kingdom to Scandinavia.

Building on earlier Turn Down the Heat reports, this new scientific analysis examines the likely impacts of present day (0.8 °C), 2 °C and 4 °C warming above pre-industrial temperatures on agricultural production, water resources, ecosystem services, and coastal vulnerability for affected populations.

Recalling the concern reflected in the outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, entitled «The future we want», 1 that the health of oceans and marine biodiversity are negatively affected by marine pollution, including marine debris, especially plastic, persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals and nitrogen - based compounds, from numerous marine and land - based sources, and the commitment to take action to significantly reduce the incidence and impacts of such pollution on marine ecosystems, Noting the international action being taken to promote the sound management of chemicals throughout their life cycle and waste in ways that lead to the prevention and minimization of significant adverse effects on human health and the environment, Recalling the Manila Declaration on Furthering the Implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land - based Activities adopted by the Third Intergovernmental Review Meeting on the Implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land - based Activities, which highlighted the relevance of the Honolulu Strategy and the Honolulu Commitment and recommended the establishment of a global partnership on marine litter, Taking note of the decisions adopted by the eleventh Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity on addressing the impacts of marine debris on marine and coastal biodiversity, Recalling that the General Assembly declared 2014 the International Year of Small Island Developing States and that such States have identified waste management among their priorities for action, Noting with concern the serious impact which marine litter, including plastics stemming from land and sea - based sources, can have on the marine environment, marine ecosystem services, marine natural resources, fisheries, tourism and the economy, as well as the potential risks to human health; 1.

The climate change had already affected the seas around Antarctica and is warming some coastal waters.So now both Antarctic Peninsula and West Antarctica Ice sheet are losing ice.For now, the East Antarctic Ice sheet is stable but it will influence on global climate change due to sea ice.In the future there is growing concern about the possible impact of climate change.Is Antarctica gaining ice that meant it will effect to climate change and the ecosystem of the regions?

These concern damages to coastal infrastructure and low - lying ecosystems from continuing sea level rise, where damages would be widespread if sea level turns out to be at the upper end of current scenarios; and, threats to agricultural production in both far south - eastern and far south - western Australia, which would affect ecosystems and rural communities severely at the dry end of projected rainfall changes.

Ocean acidification could significantly affect the number of California mussels (Mytilus californianus) reaching maturity and consequently, have a detrimental impact on the marine ecosystems of Californian coastal regions.

They say this approach is crucial to understanding the full scope and complexity of ocean acidification's impact, as well as to predicting how acidification will affect the coastal communities that depend on these ecosystems.

[2] This rise in sea levels around the world potentially affects human populations in coastal and island regions [3] and natural environments like marine ecosystems.

While much research on the effects of shallow coastal dead zones has been published, little is understood on how this expansion will affect open ocean ecosystems.

Whereas some coastal dead zones could be recovered by control of fertilizer usage, expanded low - oxygen areas caused by global warming will remain for thousands of years to come, adversely affecting fisheries and ocean ecosystems far into the future.

Thus, predictions of future trajectories of pH in coastal ecosystems are still highly uncertain even though model predictions can provide reliable predictions for the future trajectories of open - ocean pH and, thereby, the open - ocean end - member affecting coastal pH. Moreover, we argue that even the expectation that the component of coastal pH change associated with OA from anthropogenic CO2 will follow the same pattern as that in the open ocean is not necessarily supported.

Alteration of tropical acid sulphate soils also releases large amounts of acids (Wilson et al. 1999; Johnston et al. 2009), affecting coastal waters containing vulnerable organisms, such as corals in the inner Great Barrier Reef ecosystem (Powell and Martens 2005).

However, the conditions predicted for the open ocean may not reflect the future conditions in the coastal zone, where many of these organisms live (Hendriks et al. 2010a, b; Hofmann et al. 2011; Kelly and Hofmann 2012), and results derived from changes in pH in coastal ecosystems often include processes other than OA, such as emissions from volcanic vents, eutrophication, upwelling and long - term changes in the geological cycle of CO2, which commonly involve simultaneous changes in other key factors affecting the performance of calcifiers, thereby confounding the response expected from OA by anthropogenic CO2 alone.

This new concept of anthropogenic impacts on seawater pH formulated here accommodates the broad range of mechanisms involved in the anthropogenic forcing of pH in coastal ecosystems, including changes in land use, nutrient inputs, ecosystem structure and net metabolism, and emissions of gases to the atmosphere affecting the carbon system and associated pH. The new paradigm is applicable across marine systems, from open - ocean and ocean - dominated coastal systems, where OA by anthropogenic CO2 is the dominant mechanism of anthropogenic impacts on marine pH, to coastal ecosystems where a range of natural and anthropogenic processes may operate to affect pH.

Hence, how the pH of coastal ecosystems in year 2100 will differ from current ones is difficult to predict due to lack of understanding of the average values and their variability in current environments and of the future trajectories of the multiple factors affecting coastal pH compared to the open ocean.

Likewise, the restoration and redistribution of these habitats may affect pH in coastal ecosystems significantly.

In fact, climate change alone could affect migration considerably through the consequences of warming and drying, such as reduced agricultural potential, increased desertification and water scarcity, and other weakened ecosystem services, as well as through sea level rise damaging and permanently inundating highly productive and densely populated coastal lowlands and cities [165,166,167,168].