Sentences with word «afferent»

Ivan R. Minev, Daniel J Chew, Evangelos Delivopoulos, James W Fawcett, and Stéphanie P Lacour High Sensitivity Recording of Afferent Nerve Activity Using Ultra-Compliant Microchannel Electrodes: An Acute in Vivo Validation Journal of Neural Engineering 9, no. 2: 026005 (2012)
Although 5 - HT3 receptors play a role in afferent signaling in taste buds, the full neural taste response clearly involves other neurotransmitter receptors.
In addition to the microbiota themselves, the GI tract is also home to roughly 50,000 extrinsic and 100 million intrinsic sensory afferent neurons in the enteric nervous system.
While the coarse textures produced the familiar SA1 response, the SA1 afferents did not fire at all for the majority of the finer textures.
Taste stimuli activate taste receptor cells, which release one or more neurotransmitters to excite gustatory afferent nerve fibers (Roper, 2013).
These data suggest that one or more other transmitters may play a role in afferent signaling.
However, food containing high amounts of fat or poorly digestible starches causes maldigestion and gastrointestinal distention and promotes vomiting through afferent stimulation of the vomiting center in the medulla oblongata.
However, in experiments in which subjects moved a finger across sandpaper — the quintessential example of the type of textures we encounter in the real world — SA1 afferents did not respond at all.
He previously served as Chairman and founding CEO of CoLucid Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ: CLCD)(acquired by Eli Lilly in 2017), and on the boards of Afferent Pharmaceuticals (acquired by Merck in 2016), Chimerix (NASDAQ: CMRX), Quintiles Transnational Corp. (NASDAQ: QTRN now NYSE: Q), TYRX (acquired by Medtronic in 2013), Syntonix Pharmaceuticals (acquired by Biogen IDEC in 2007), LEAD Therapeutics (acquired by BioMarin in 2010), CardioDx, and Embrex (NASDAQ: EMBX)(acquired by Pfizer in 2006).
To quote the researchers: «Thus, modification of this PIP2 regulatory domain by genetic, biochemical, or pharmacological mechanisms may have profound effects on sensitivity of primary afferent nerve fibers to chemical and thermal stimuli under normal or pathological conditions.»
The 5 - HT released by type III cells could also activate 5 - HT3 receptors on afferent nerve fibers.
While the device was not a commercial success, people were able to use it to detect letter shapes and read, although experiments showed that it activated RA and PC afferents, not the supposedly shape - detecting SA1s.
Instead of thinking of individual groups of afferents working separately to process different components of the sense of touch, Bensmaia said we should think of all of them working in concert, much like individual musicians in a band to create its overall sound.
We investigated whether gustatory afferents express functional 5 - HT3 receptors and, if so, whether these receptors play a role in transmission of taste information from taste buds to nerves.
Type III cells (but not type II cells) form traditional synapses with afferent nerve fibers (Kinnamon et al., 1985; Yee et al., 2001; DeFazio et al., 2006) and synthesize and store 5 - HT (Dvoryanchikov et al., 2007) in dense - core synaptic vesicles located at these synaptic sites (Fujimoto et al., 1987).
The fact that vagal stimulation helps reinforces Spreadbury's theory that says that acellular carbs provoke dysbiosis in the small intestine with the consequence vagal afferent inflammation.
The blood arrives at the kidney via the renal artery, which splits into many afferent arterioles.
Natriuretic polypeptide b is the primary neurotransmitter in TRPV1 - expressing, itch - sensitive afferent nerve fibers.
However, while the maps for visual space and eye input were thought to originate from the segregation of thalamic afferents in visual cortex, the origin of the other maps remained unclear.
Short - latency afferent inhibition (SAI) and resting motor threshold are significantly reduced in AD patients as compared to healthy elders.
Paired - pulse TMS was used to investigate short - interval intra-cortical inhibition (SICI) and facilitation (ICF), long - interval intra-cortical inhibition, and short - latency afferent inhibition (SAI) to measure the activity of different intra-cortical circuits in patients with AD, patients with FTD, and healthy controls (HC).
Increases in H - reflex amplitude during maximal strength tests after training have been proposed to reflect mainly either increases in the excitability of efferent motor nerves or decreases in the inhibitory activity of Ib afferent nerves at the spinal level (Duclay et al. 2008; Vangsgaard et al. 2014).
Three different types of afferents convey information about touch to the brain: slowly adapting type 1 (SA1), rapidly adapting (RA) and Pacinian (PC).
The pacing strategy «algorithm» is sited in the brain and would need afferent input from interoceptors, such as heart rate and respiratory rate, as well as exteroceptors providing information on local environmental conditions.
During a TT, pacing strategy is regulated in a complex anticipatory system that monitors afferent feedback from various physiological systems, and then regulates the work rate so that potentially limiting changes do not occur before the endpoint of exercise is reached.
Increased plasma levels of oxytocin in response to afferent electrical stimulation of the sciatic and vagal nerves and in response to touch and pinch in anaesthetized rats.
These results support Afferent's current development strategy to initiate a Phase 2b clinical trial early in 2015.
The finding that two independent afferent inputs that activate a common set of interneurons and motor neurons can be differentially conditioned restricts the possible cellular loci involved in the associative learning.
Until now, rapidly adapting afferents were primarily thought to play a role in detecting when an object was slipping from a grasp.
Pacininan afferents were thought to detect vibrations such as those felt after striking something with a hammer.
«If you relied on SA1 afferents alone for texture perception, you would not be able to discriminate most textures.
The research team used a technique they developed to block afferent nerves only.
«What we've shown here is that all three sets of afferents contribute to texture perception,» Bensmaia said.
We therefore hypothesized that theta - burst microstimulation, targeted to brain regions containing afferent fibers to the hippocampus, would improve episodic memory performance in humans.
Here, we asked whether application of microstimulation targeted to the entorhinal afferents into hippocampus could enhance declarative memory function in humans.
This idea is motivated to an extent by a long history of research on long - term potentiation (LTP), which is accepted as a neural substrate of learning and memory (Bliss and Lomo, 1973; Kandel and Schwartz, 1982) and can be induced by electrical stimulation to hippocampal afferents, such as the perforant path or Schaffer collaterals (Bliss and Lomo, 1973; Cooke and Bliss, 2006; Larson et al., 1986; Nguyen and Kandel, 1997; Staubli and Lynch, 1987).
Relation between cutaneous receptive fields and muscle afferent input to climbing fibres projecting to the cerebellar C3 zone in the cat.
This type of touch activates low - threshold unmyelinated mechanoreceptors, known as C - tactile afferents, which have been proposed to play a unique role in hedonic valence and emotion of touch.
Lateral view of a cleared rat pons, medulla and the first segments of the spinal cord showing the cortico spinal tract, CST, spinal cord and cranial nerve afferents labelled with a AAV8 expressing eGFP under the human ubiquitin C promoter.
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z