Sentences with phrase «after adjustment for»

After adjustment for sociodemographic factors, parental alcohol use and psychiatric disorders, and earlier externalizing and internalizing problems, substance use predicted criminality, especially among males, with the highest odds ratio (OR) for cannabis use [adjusted OR 6.2, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 3.1 — 12.7].

Between 2001 and 2006 the average equivalised gross household income for Indigenous persons increased by 9 % (after adjustment for inflation) which was the same increase for non-Indigenous people.

After adjustment for confounders, the stratum - specific adjusted odds ratios (95 % CI) of child mental health conditions related to a one - level decline in parent mental health were: 1.44 (1.35 — 1.55) for non-Hispanic whites, 1.24 (1.06 — 1.46) for non-Hispanic blacks, 1.04 (0.81 — 1.32) for Hispanics from non-immigrant families, 1.21 (0.96 — 1.93) for Hispanics from immigrant families, and 1.43 (1.21 — 1.70) for non-Hispanic otherrace children.

Although Fig 1 shows that infants of women with persistent symptoms had a lower prevalence of adequate well - child care, no difference in adequate well - child care was found between women with persistent or ever symptoms and those without symptoms, after adjustment for confounding variables.

The findings for emotional symptoms are in line with studies from New Zealand showing that the number of depressive episodes in adolescence was associated with later self - reported welfare dependence after adjustment for confounding factors and comorbidity.17 In a study with an outcome measure similar to that of our study, Pape et al16 reported that anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescence increased the susceptibility of receiving medical benefits in early adulthood in a Norwegian sample.

The risk estimates for diagnoses of internalizing disorders after adjustment for diagnoses of internalizing disorders prior to the survey in 2003 were similar to those presented in Table 3.

Linear and logistic regression models were used to determine if 6 types of adverse experiences including physical abuse, sexual abuse by family and / or other persons, witnessing abuse, and household dysfunction caused by family alcohol and / or drug use were significantly associated with risk of adolescent violence perpetration after adjustment for demographic covariates.

ANCOVA models were used to test whether girls» temperament (ie, inhibitory control and approach) moderated the relation between feeding profiles and girls» EAH and BMI at 5 y. Girls» inhibitory control and approach did not emerge as moderators at 5 y; however, a main effect of feeding profile was observed on EAH at 5 y after adjustment for maternal BMI and education level and family income (F [63,6] = 2.56, P < 0.05).

No significant relations were observed between profile membership and girls» inhibitory control, and the results did not change after adjustment for covariates (ie, maternal BMI and educational level, and family income; P > 0.05).

Inhibitory control moderated the effect of profile membership on girls» EAH at age 7 y (ANCOVA: F [155,3] = 2.06, P < 0.10), after adjustment for girls» EAH at age 5 y, maternal education, and BMI and family income.

Inhibitory control moderated the effect of profile membership on girls» BMI at age 7 (ANCOVA: F [165,3] = 3.28, P < 0.05), after adjustment for girls» BMI at age 5 y, maternal education, and BMI and family income.

In contrast, right, left, and total lateral ventricles were proportionally larger than controls, after adjustment for intracranial volume.

Of the ∼ 6 K regions, we found that 6 were significantly enriched for decreased methylation in the CPA group (Table 3) even after adjustment for multiple testing.

However, mothers of a child with autism were more likely to report a close relationship and better coping with parenting tasks and less likely to report being angry with their child after adjustment for the child's social skills and demographic background.

Mothers of a child with autism were highly stressed and more likely to report poor or fair mental health than mothers in the general population, even after adjustment for the child's social skills and demographic background.

After adjustment for confounders, 34 weeks» GL was the only measure associated with postnatal depressive symptoms: PR 1.09 per 100 GL units (95 % CI: 1.01 — 1.17).

Associations between parenting and health are explored before and after adjustment for socio - demographics, family poverty and maternal depression, in order to see whether parenting may have effects over and above these other known influences on child health and health behaviours.

Mechanical knowledge showed the strongest association with schizophrenia and was the only one of four domains that remained significantly associated with schizophrenia after adjustment for the other three domains.

Linear and logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between psychiatric disorder from age 18 to 25 and workforce participation, income and living standards, and educational achievement at age 30, before and after adjustment for confounding factors.

After adjustment for confounding factors, the associations between psychiatric disorder and workforce participation, income and living standards remained significant (all P < 0.05), but the associations between psychiatric disorder and educational achievement were not significant (all P > 0.10).

A significant association was found between insecure attachment style and frequent attendance, even after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, presence of chronic physical illness and baseline physical function [odds ratio (OR) 1.96 (95 % CI 1.05 — 3.67)-RSB-.

After adjustment for confounding factors, the association between frequency of depression and all mental health outcomes, and welfare dependence and unemployment, remained significant (P < 0.05).

With the exception of older males, parental concern about their own fitness was not associated with adolescents» MVPA habits after adjustment for baseline MVPA.

Using a proportional odds model, odds ratios for children being in a higher BMI category were computed for mothers and fathers separately and together, after adjustment for factors associated with child BMI, including mothers» and fathers» BMI status.

After adjustment for the covariates and for all of the maternal and paternal parenting dimensions, higher paternal control score was strongly associated with decreased odds of the child being in a heavier BMI category (OR: 0.75; 95 % CI: 0.65 — 0.86; P <.001).

After adjustment for baseline variables, the behavioural intervention by the outreach team led to improvement in organic (p = 0.002) and depressive (p = 0.004) symptoms but not to changes in behavioural problems or physical disability compared with no intervention (table) ⇓.

After adjustment for underlying differences in youth characteristics, respondents» alcohol use, propensity to respond to stimuli with anger, delinquent peers, parental monitoring, and exposures to violence in the community also were associated with significantly increased odds of concurrently reporting seriously violent behavior.

Additionally, none of the parental factors examined predicted the MVPA habits of girls moving through high school and into young adulthood after adjustment for baseline MVPA.

As determined by GLM, the employment group differences were maintained after adjustment for age, sex, marital status and MHW for BSTs but not for HSTs (table 4).

Toddlers whose self - regulation skills had worsened since infancy also were more likely to watch > 2 hours per day (aOR 1.27 [1.04 — 1.56]-RRB-, whereas those whose self - regulation had improved were not significantly more likely to watch > 2 hours per day at age 2 after adjustment for confounders (Table 4).

For suicidal ideation, the association with extent of depression at ages 17 to 18 years remained significant after adjustment for confounding.

Table 4 shows estimated marginal mean (SD) PedsQL scores after adjustment for age, sex, maternal education, and disadvantage index.

These models pooled the repeated measures on each outcome at ages 18 to 21 years and 21 to 25 years to produce an estimate of the population - averaged effect of the level of depression at ages 17 to 18 years on the outcome after adjustment for covariates.

Similarly, after adjustment for the covariates, there was no evidence for an association between maternal parenting style and child BMI status (P =.85).

After adjustment for the covariates and for each other, there was no evidence for an association among any of the 3 maternal parenting dimensions and child BMI status (all P values were ≥.69).

After adjustment for the covariates, strong evidence was also found for an association between paternal parenting style and child BMI category (P =.002).

After adjustment for baseline TV / video, race, and SES, there is an unexpected positive relationship between parental encouragement to be physically active and TV / video use among older males, while a negative relationship is seen among the younger females.

This is a review of the literature that examines the exposure to violence as a psychosocial stressor that is independently associated with asthma morbidity even after adjustment for income, housing, and other adverse life events.

As determined by GLM, the group differences in total scores were maintained after adjustment for age, sex, marital status and MHW (table 4).

After adjustment for the covariates and for the 3 paternal parenting dimensions, the odds of a child being in a heavier BMI category decreased by 26 % (95 % CI: 15 % — 35 %) for each 1 - point increase in paternal control score (P <.001).

This table shows that after adjustment for these differences in program implementation, the nurse - paraprofessional differences sometimes decreased, sometimes increased, and often stayed essentially the same, indicating that the performance of the paraprofessional group was not because of fewer completed home visits or disruption in the visitor relationship.

After adjustment for covariate factors, the extent of depression at ages 17 to 18 years remained associated with later depression and suicidal tendencies.

After adjustment for socio - demographic characteristics and baseline MVPA, adolescent - reported maternal and paternal encouragement to be active, and paternal care for fitness, were positively associated with weekly hours of MVPA after five years in young adult males (p for trend ≤.01).

Is race associated with weight change in US adults after adjustment for income, education, and marital factors?

The amount of money and interest accumulated in your life insurance account (after adjustment for factors like policy loans or late premiums).

For private passenger automobiles, the «base rate» in a territory will, in general, be the insurer's rate for the adult pleasure - use classification, before application of surcharges under a merit rating plan, but after adjustment for the limits of coverage purchased by the insured and any applicable discounts (e.g., multi-car discount).

Over the conterminous USA, after adjustment for time - of - observation bias and other changes, rural station trends were almost indistinguishable from series including urban sites (Peterson, 2003; Figure 3.3, and similar considerations apply to China from 1951 to 2001 (Li et al., 2004).

That would be true only if the observations still showed no warming after adjustment for ENSO.

But the equation has been found to be useful after adjustment for real gases and it has been verified experimentally time and time again.

«Data storage availability in the 1980s meant that we were not able to keep the multiple sources for some sites, only the station series after adjustment for homogeneity issues.