Especially for the discussion of «system return
after perturbation».
In isothermal equilibrium, the system is in perfect force balance, there is no net dynamical transport of mass up or down, no net change whatsoever of gravitational potential energy — but heat conduction still functions to maintain equal temperature and restore equilibrium
after a perturbation.
Because water vapor condenses into clouds, which always reduce the insolation available for thermalizing the surface, its temperature need NOT necessarily rise in re-establishing steady climatic states
after some perturbation in backradiation.
Not exact matches
For example, when the lunar orbiter PFS - 2 was released from Apollo 16 in 1972 it was expected to stay in orbit for 18 months, but these
perturbations caused it to crash onto the lunar surface
after only 34 days.
After the removal from the data set of short periods of temperature
perturbation that relate to near - equator volcanic eruption, we use derivatives to document the presence of a 5 - to 7 - month delayed close relationship between SOI and GTTA.
Given the large orbital eccentricities of these two objects (which move beyond 500 AUs of the Sun), some astronomers have argued that they were likely to have been strongly perturbed by a massive celestial object (which is unlikely to have been Neptune as they do not come close enough to feel its gravitational influence) such as the passing of a rogue planet (perturbed from its primordial orbit by the gas giants of the inner Solar Sylstem) or one or more passing stars, which could have dragged the two objects farther out
after initial orbital
perturbation by Neptune or as part of a «first - generation» Oort Cloud.
Likewise a
perturbation to the T ^ 4 pattern that gradually decays downward into the atmosphere may be necessary to balance the anomolous cooling near TOA and some anomalous warming below that due to the darkness of space (the anomalous warming would be from the intensity in all directions downward from space not only being not more than 0 but also being not less than 0 — continuation of the T ^ 4 pattern would
after all require negative values at some point).
Despite continued melting of the Laurentide ice sheet throughout the Pleistocene - Holocene transition, the only major
perturbation of the NADW
after Younger Dryas was the rapid drainage of Lake Ojibway at 8.2 ka.
After the removal from the data set of short periods of temperature
perturbation that relate to near - equator volcanic eruption, we use derivatives to document the presence of a 5 - to 7 - month delayed close relationship between SOI and GTTA.
If you look at the the lower stratospheric temperature, you do see a large positive temperature
perturbation immediately
after the volcanic eruption (this is expected of course), but rather than returning to the same relatively constant temperature, it shifts to a new, lower temperature operating point.
If you dare, have a look at some models results which show the temperature response at the surface
after allowing for fast feedbacks (from secondary indirect effects and from flux
perturbation): Jones et al..
But last time i checked ch4 had an atmospheric life of 7 years, before it breaks down to co2 and h2o, but the C origin is ignored (last time i checked, cows eat plants, plants photosynthesis) So with a change in the total mass o cattle on the planet being able to possibly cause a
perturbation, it should be neutral
after 7 years.
Rather, the flux
perturbations are diagnosed
after the specific physical change is made.
Rampino, M., and K. Caldeira, 2005: Major
perturbation of ocean chemistry and a «Strangelove Ocean»
after the end - Permian mass extinction.
The parameters controlling the system can be transparently combined into a single control, and there exists a critical value of this control from which a small
perturbation leads to a qualitative change in a crucial feature of the system,
after some observation time.
If it were, we would probably look like Venus
after all the
perturbations over the last 4.5 billion years.
After thoroughly reviewing the manuscript, I noticed that the plots of the
perturbation were stated not to be in the published manuscript (QJRMS), but in the NCAR Tech Note series.