Not exact matches
A part of the research will include analyzing exactly why this year's
flu vaccine proved so ineffective
against the most common
strains circulating (the shot was just 25 % effective
against influenza A
strains).
Another caveat: It is still possible to contract the
flu after getting a
flu shot since the vaccine you receive may not protect
against all
strains.
You may have heard that this year's
flu shot may isn't very effective
against the most dangerous
strain of the virus, but it's still worth getting — even this late in the season — for both yourself and your child.
Preliminary estimates by the federal CDC show this year's version of the
flu vaccine is 36 percent effective
against all
strains of the
flu, but just 25 percent effective
against the H3N2
strain causing most
flu cases this winter.
The
flu vaccine can protect
against several
strains of the
flu virus.
Based on preliminary effectiveness estimates, the CDC estimates that the
flu vaccine is approximately 25 % effective
against the H3N2
strain https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/67/wr/mm6706a2.htm.
This year's vaccine combines protection
against the H1N1 virus and several
strains expected to be most common during this
flu season which runs through March.
That development is important because a T cell response will likely confer longer - term protection than current inoculations do and defend
against a variety of
flu strains (because T cells would be on the lookout for several different features of the
flu virus whereas antibodies would be primarily focused on the shape of a specific
strain).
These included the past two
flu seasons in which vaccines offered only limited protection
against the most widely circulating
strain of influenza A.
Are we close to being able to develop a universal
flu vaccine that would confer immunity
against all
strains of influenza?
Annual
flu vaccines are formulated to protect
against one type of influenza B and two
strains of influenza A, one H3N2
strain and one H1N1
strain.
Both drift and shift make these proteins unrecognizable to the antibodies present in people that were previously inoculated
against the
flu virus, which now circulates as more than 90
strains.
Each year, scientists create an influenza (
flu) vaccine that protects
against a few specific influenza
strains that researchers predict are going to be the most common during that year.
There is only a preliminary form of a vaccine
against H5N1
flu strains, and even if there were a developed vaccine, the virus might spread faster than public - health officials could get people inoculated.
Dr Derek Gatherer of Lancaster University said: «Every year we have a round of
flu vaccination, where we choose a recent
strain of
flu as the vaccine, hoping that it will protect
against next year's
strains.
These antibodies protect
against certain
strains of influenza virus in the vaccine, but may not provide thorough protection
against other
strains of
flu that may be present.
VaxInnate is testing a universal
flu vaccine that would work
against all
strains of the disease by using a Toll - like receptor (TLR) technology platform.
One reason vaccines using weakened
flu virus are not used in the elderly is that they have been exposed to many
strains of
flu virus over the years and have more antibodies in the nasal tract, which can inhibit the weakened
flu virus from infecting and stimulating the immune response necessary to protect
against the virus.
This one - two punch protected the test subjects
against influenza A viruses that had emerged in 1934 and 2007, and other experiments showed that the antibodies it generated successfully neutralized a wide variety of
flu strains.
None of the available swine
flu vaccines can protect
against all these
strains.
However, researchers are working to develop universal vaccines that could protect
against multiple
flu strains without needing to be updated.
Image courtesy of Vmenkov / Wikimedia Commons After public outcry
against research into avian
flu strains that can be transmitted among mammals, 40 of the top scientists working on the influenza
strains signed a voluntary moratorium on research last January.
Professor Ajit Lalvani from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London, who led the study, said: «New
strains of
flu are continuously emerging, some of which are deadly, and so the Holy Grail is to create a universal vaccine that would be effective
against all
strains of
flu.»
Investigators showed the new strategy protected mice — vaccinated
against the H3N2 influenza A
flu strain, which causes mild disease — from succumbing to the more dangerous H5N1 and H7N9
strains weeks later.
The finding was surprising because previous research had highlighted a likely role for white blood cells known as CD8 + and CD4 + memory T cells for broadening the immune response
against different
flu strains.
Besser said officials were already taking preliminary steps toward manufacturing a vaccine
against the influenza
strain responsible for swine
flu.
The researchers, led by Ram Sasisekharan, the Alfred H. Caspary Professor of Biological Engineering at MIT, also found that current
flu vaccines might not offer protection
against these
strains.
This means that when an unexpected
flu strain appears, such as the 2009 pandemic - causing H1N1 virus, there is no way to rapidly produce a vaccine
against it.
Researchers around the world, including at the University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), are pursuing a «universal»
flu vaccine, one that would protect
against most or all seasonal and pandemic
strains of the
flu virus.
During the H1N1 outbreak, antiviral drugs offered the only hope
against emergent
flu strains.
He adds that the new technique might also be employed to pin down the
flu strain someone has by testing the effectiveness of extracted antibodies
against it.
In an ambitious study, the authors attempt to trace drug resistance
against all
strains of the
flu by using an extensive influenza virus database containing all known genetic sequence information (70,000 complete nucleotide sequences) for influenza
strains.
When
flu researchers learned about this new sugar - adorned H3N2 virus in 2014, they made sure to include that
strain in the 2016 — 17 seasonal
flu vaccine so that immunized individuals would mount an immune response
against it.
The finding is exciting «because it suggests that the seasonal
flu vaccine boosts antibody responses and may provide some measure of protection
against a new pandemic
strain that could emerge from the avian population,» said senior study author Paul G. Thomas, PhD, an Associate Member in the Department of Immunology at St. Jude.
Seasonal
flu vaccines may protect individuals not only
against the
strains of
flu they contain but also
against many additional types, according to a study published this week in mBio ®, the online open - access journal of the American Society for Microbiology.
The work, directed by researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, Tenn., found that some study participants who reported receiving
flu vaccines had a strong immune response not only
against the seasonal H3N2
flu strain from 2010, when blood samples were collected for analysis, but also
against flu subtypes never included in any vaccine formulation.
But the ideal
flu drug would work
against all
strains when symptoms surface, which remains a tall order.
According to WHO statistics, 300 million people are vaccinated
against the
flu each year, receiving an immunization with a cocktail of weakened
strains of influenza A (varieties H3N2 and H1N1), along with the influenza B virus to protect
against a full infection.
The study focused on a
flu vaccine designed to protect
against an unusual
strain that originated in pigs and caused a pandemic in 2009.
This was less likely to happen in young children and infants, with few or no antibodies
against seasonal
flu strains, says Polack.
That means that an antibody that recognizes this region alone could protect
against a variety of
flu strains, possibly including the one that causes avian
flu, the researchers conclude.
As anyone who's gotten sick despite a
flu shot knows, a vaccine that protects
against one
strain of a pathogen doesn't necessarily protect
against the others.
Efforts to develop a universal
flu vaccine may have stalled, but the research has revealed an antibody that protects
against several lethal
flu strains
But scientists predict that the avian -
flu virus could someday give rise to a fast - spreading
strain against which people would have less immunity than they do to a typical winter
flu.
Urumin was specific for H1
strains of
flu, such as the 2009 pandemic
strain, and was not effective
against other current
strains such as H3N2.
The data they collect is shared with the CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and led to the CDC's recommendation
against LAIV last year after data from the two previous
flu seasons showed it to be ineffective at preventing influenza A, which is typically the most common
strain.
Four years and several country - wide studies later, there now is an established link between Pandemrix, a vaccine
against the H1N1
strain of the
flu that was widely used in Europe, and some cases of narcolepsy.
Immunologists are working on vaccines that don't need to be reformulated each year: «universal vaccines» that induce broad immunity, protecting
against current and future
strains of
flu by mechanisms that are not just dependent on antibody.
Ahmedâ $ ™ s team had showed that people infected by the 2009 H1N1
flu strain developed broadly protective antibodies, and separately, so did volunteers immunized
against the H5N1 avian
flu virus.
Currently a new vaccine
against flu is developed every year, in an attempt to respond to recent common
strains in circulation, including those which cross into humans from other species.