Attachment relationships among children with
aggressive behaviour problems: the role of disorganised early attachment patterns
Of all the childhood psychopathologies, antisocial and
aggressive behaviour problems such as Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder (CD) account for the greatest cost to psychological, psychiatric and social services [1].
Not exact matches
, if the pets are
aggressive, if they have a lot of
behaviour problems etc..
Being developmentally vulnerable in the emotional maturity domain may mean children have
problems managing
aggressive behaviour, are easily distracted, usually not inclined to help others and get upset when left by a parent or carer.
There is a suite of
behaviour problems that can seemingly be solved through management, but at great cost to the dog's quality of life: play issues,
aggressive guarding of chew items, and jumpy and mouthy dogs, to name a few.
The one main
problem with this is that a hamster may start to show
aggressive behaviour towards its owners due to being unhappy.
Outcome parameters are
aggressive behaviour und comorbid symptoms as well as
problem maintaining factors, psychosocial functioning, family burden, self - esteem and treatment satisfaction as rated by clinicians, parents, or teachers.
Contrary to other treatment approaches, this intervention aims at the individual treatment of
problem maintaining and moderating factors of
aggressive behaviour.
Problems with communication, specifically non-verbal cognitive ability, are a strong predictor of externalising behaviour problems.3 Children with ASD exhibit more severe internalising and externalising behaviours than non-ASD children, as well as a high prevalence of aggressive behaviour.3 These behavioural challenges can often cause caregivers more distress and mental health problems than the core ASD symptoms.4, 5 Increased child behaviour problems and parental (especially maternal) psychological distress compared with children without autism is established early in life — by the time that children are aged 5 years.6 These co-occurring, behaviour problems are of concern in early childhood because of the importance of these early years for longer term child developmental ou
Problems with communication, specifically non-verbal cognitive ability, are a strong predictor of externalising
behaviour problems.3 Children with ASD exhibit more severe internalising and externalising behaviours than non-ASD children, as well as a high prevalence of aggressive behaviour.3 These behavioural challenges can often cause caregivers more distress and mental health problems than the core ASD symptoms.4, 5 Increased child behaviour problems and parental (especially maternal) psychological distress compared with children without autism is established early in life — by the time that children are aged 5 years.6 These co-occurring, behaviour problems are of concern in early childhood because of the importance of these early years for longer term child developmental ou
problems.3 Children with ASD exhibit more severe internalising and externalising
behaviours than non-ASD children, as well as a high prevalence of
aggressive behaviour.3 These behavioural challenges can often cause caregivers more distress and mental health
problems than the core ASD symptoms.4, 5 Increased child behaviour problems and parental (especially maternal) psychological distress compared with children without autism is established early in life — by the time that children are aged 5 years.6 These co-occurring, behaviour problems are of concern in early childhood because of the importance of these early years for longer term child developmental ou
problems than the core ASD symptoms.4, 5 Increased child
behaviour problems and parental (especially maternal) psychological distress compared with children without autism is established early in life — by the time that children are aged 5 years.6 These co-occurring, behaviour problems are of concern in early childhood because of the importance of these early years for longer term child developmental ou
problems and parental (especially maternal) psychological distress compared with children without autism is established early in life — by the time that children are aged 5 years.6 These co-occurring,
behaviour problems are of concern in early childhood because of the importance of these early years for longer term child developmental ou
problems are of concern in early childhood because of the importance of these early years for longer term child developmental outcomes.7
They are also at heighten risk of developing internalizing (e.g., depression) and externalizing (e.g.,
aggressive behaviour)
problem behaviours in comparison to children of non depressed mothers.
Exemplary discoveries Our findings show that
aggressive dispositions were moderately stable from kindergarten to grade 6 (e.g.,.56), whereas anxious - withdrawn
behaviour was not stable until grades 2 -LRB-.36) and 3 -LRB-.51).3, 4 The percentages of children in a community sample (n = 2775) that could be classified into distinct risk groups were: 15 %
aggressive; 12 % anxious - withdrawn, and 8.5 %
aggressive - withdrawn (comorbid).5 Predictive analyses showed that
aggressive children who exceeded a risk criterion in kindergarten exhibited increases in psychological and school maladjustment two years later.6 Anxious - withdrawn dispositions predicted early and later increases in internalizing
problems.5 Overall, the findings corroborate the premise that aggression and anxious - withdrawal are risks for later maladjustment.
Eron et al concluded that without early family treatment,
aggressive behaviour in children «crystallises» by the age of 8, making future learning and behavioural
problems less responsive to treatment and more likely to become chronic.5 Yet recent projections suggest that fewer than 10 % of young children who need treatment for conduct
problems ever receive it, 6 and an even smaller percentage receive empirically validated treatments.
Children with early - onset conduct
problems (CPs) are at high risk for chronic antisocial and
aggressive behaviour, and a variety of social and mental health
problems in adolescence and adulthood (e.g. delinquency, psychiatric disorders, substance use, school dropout; Fergusson et al. 2005; Kratzer and Hodgins 1997).
Preventing
aggressive and violent
behaviour: Using prevention programs to study the role of peer dynamics in maladjustment
problems
Finally, in a recent issue of «The Psychologist» which is devoted to the topic of
aggressive and violent
behaviour, Sanders and Morawska have concluded that it is the quality of parenting which is the strongest, potentially modifiable risk factor contributing to early - onset conduct
problems.
Characteristics and
behaviours associated with emotional disturbance and / or behavioural
problems may include:
aggressive or anti-social
behaviour; inattentiveness; distractibility and impulsiveness; impaired social interactions; a general inability to cope with the routine of daily tasks; obsessive and repetitive
behaviours; attention - seeking
behaviours such as negative interactions or a poor attitude towards work, peers or teachers; and depressed
behaviours such as withdrawal, anxiety and mood swings.
No significant effects were found on Externalising, Withdrawn, Somatic Symptoms, Intrusive, Thought
Problems, Delinquent
Behaviour and
Aggressive Behaviour.50 Minkovitz et al found no statistically significant effects on SSRS Total score or the PEDS Total score 12 — 18 months postintervention.
EBP includes attention - deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
problems, as well as disruptive, oppositional,
aggressive, and conduct disorder (CD)
behaviour (Bloomquist and Schnell 2002).
In the following sections we will review structural and functional neuroanatomical evidence derived from healthy participants as well as those with
aggressive behaviour (e.g. conduct
problems, CD, ODD) for the key areas implicated here (orbitofrontal and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, insula, cingulate cortex, amygdala).
Externalising scores were derived from attention
problems and
aggressive behaviour subscales of the CBCL.
In the current paper we particularly focus on adolescents with
aggressive behaviour (AB), hereby summarizing neuroimaging research in youths with either conduct
problems, CD or ODD.
In this study, we used the term «behavioural
problems» with respect to
aggressive and delinquent
behaviour according to Achenbach's classification (Achenbach, 1991a).
A number of studies report that children of alcoholics (COAs) exhibit a higher prevalence of attention disorders, as well as
aggressive and delinquent
behaviour (disruptive
behaviour)(Alterman et al., 1998; DeMilio, 1989; Giancola et al., 1996; Jacob et al., 1999; Steinhausen, 1995), whereby these behavioural
problems are associated with later alcohol misuse (Barnow et al., 2002a; Barnow et al., 2002c; Caspi et al., 1996).
The Child
Behaviour Checklist (CBCL)(Achenbach, 1991a), and the corresponding self - report version titled the Youth Self Report (YSR)(Achenbach, 1991b) divide, for example, external symptoms into attention problems and broadband behaviour problems, which are on a scale made up of aggressive conduct problems and delinquent or non-aggressive conduct problems (Achenbach et al., 1989; Earls, 1994; Frick et al., 1993; Verhulst and Achenbac
Behaviour Checklist (CBCL)(Achenbach, 1991a), and the corresponding self - report version titled the Youth Self Report (YSR)(Achenbach, 1991b) divide, for example, external symptoms into attention
problems and broadband
behaviour problems, which are on a scale made up of aggressive conduct problems and delinquent or non-aggressive conduct problems (Achenbach et al., 1989; Earls, 1994; Frick et al., 1993; Verhulst and Achenbac
behaviour problems, which are on a scale made up of
aggressive conduct
problems and delinquent or non-
aggressive conduct
problems (Achenbach et al., 1989; Earls, 1994; Frick et al., 1993; Verhulst and Achenbach, 1995).
Longitudinal research indicates that young children who develop disruptive
behaviour problems are at an elevated risk for a host of negative outcomes including chronic aggression and conduct
problems, substance abuse, poor emotion regulation, school failure, peer
problems and delinquency.4, 5 Early - appearing externalizing
behaviours can disrupt relationships with parents and peers, initiating processes that can maintain or exacerbate children's behavioural
problems.6 Therefore, very early intervention (e.g., in day care, preschool, or kindergarten) can be important in interrupting the potential path to chronic aggression in children who display
aggressive behaviour or who are at risk for developing
aggressive behaviour.
The main results showed that deliberate self - harm among girls, as well as conduct
problems, hyperactivity,
aggressive behaviour, and the use of alcohol, were more strongly associated with poor emotional relations to their parents than with poor emotional relations to friends.
Societal concern about antisocial
behaviours of children and adolescents has increased over the years, in part due to the enormous financial costs of youth crime.1 Conduct
problems (especially among boys) are the most frequent childhood behavioural
problems to be referred to mental health professionals.2
Aggressive and disruptive
behaviour is one of the most enduring dysfunctions in children and, if left untreated, frequently results in high personal and emotional costs to children, their families and to society in general.
Children who have disorganized attachment with their primary attachment figure have been shown to be vulnerable to stress, have
problems with regulation and control of negative emotions, and display oppositional, hostile -
aggressive behaviours, and coercive styles of interaction.2, 3 They may exhibit low self - esteem, internalizing and externalizing
problems in the early school years, poor peer interactions, unusual or bizarre
behaviour in the classroom, high teacher ratings of dissociative
behaviour and internalizing symptoms in middle childhood, high levels of teacher - rated social and behavioural difficulties in class, low mathematics attainment, and impaired formal operational skills.3 They may show high levels of overall psychopathology at 17 years.3 Disorganized attachment with a primary attachment figure is over-represented in groups of children with clinical
problems and those who are victims of maltreatment.1, 2,3 A majority of children with early disorganized attachment with their primary attachment figure during infancy go on to develop significant social and emotional maladjustment and psychopathology.3, 4 Thus, an attachment - based intervention should focus on preventing and / or reducing disorganized attachment.
A distorted sense of self and a disruption of the normal development of self has been reported by adolescents with ADHD.25 Furthermore, excessively
aggressive and antisocial
behaviour may develop, adding further
problems (fig 3).
Furthermore, the high heritability of CU traits and their association with more chronic and serious aggression and antisocial
behaviour problems make them a strong candidate for the driving force behind the familial transmission of
aggressive behaviour that Halperin et al. [38] argue is mediated, in part, by reduced central serotonin function.
Internalised
problems represent depressive symptoms, anxiety, and functional somatic symptoms (FSS), whereas externalised
problems describe different symptoms of out - acting
behaviour such as antisocial, delinquent and
aggressive behaviour [8, 10].
24 of the effective programmes showed significant improvements in
problem behaviours, including drug and alcohol use, school misbehaviour,
aggressive behaviour, violence, truancy, high - risk sexual
behaviour and smoking
Among other questions, the Phase 2 interviews included an open - ended question concerning the relationship between family member
problem gambling and family violence for participants who reported both: «In what way are the
aggressive behaviours and
problem gambling related?»
Child
behaviour problems mediated parental outcomes, with less adaptation reported by parents of children who displayed
aggressive behaviour.