This illustration in a fish with a proven ancient lineage of a highly evolved system controlling variations in heart rate suggests that its evolution was necessarily linked to the advent of
air breathing over primitive vertebrate lungs rather than the much later appearance of
mammals.
Soon, plant - eating animal life followed (including Arthropods such as the scorpion - like Eurypterids that moved from marine waters into brackish then fresh water — some species becoming amphibious and emerging onto land for part of their life cycle after becoming capable of
breathing in both water and
air — which eventually evolved into insects, and finally, by 379 million years ago, animals with backbones known as «vertebrates» which evolved from Fishes that moved onto land to evolve into Amphibians and eventually into Reptiles, Dinosaurs, Birds, and
Mammals — Niedzwiedzki et al, 2010).