Sentences with phrase «air exchange gases»

In addition to temperature, wind, and solar radiation data, the Pacific saildrones are measuring how the ocean and air exchange gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen, and they are using Doppler instruments to gauge currents coursing up to 100 meters below the surface.

Not exact matches

This it accomplishes with its mosaic of specialized cells that form millions of tiny, exceptionally thin - walled air sacs where gas exchange takes place.

Rising temperatures, for example, could either increase or decrease biological productivity,» Salawitch says, as well as the emission of certain less - prevalent gases that are exchanged between the air and ocean.

It now uses a «flow through» system, in which air exchange with the outside is allowed while sensors record the movement of moisture and gas, enabling accurate estimates of total mass exchange with the outside world.

He subsequently developed solvers for cloud and aerosol coagulation, breakup, condensation / evaporation, freezing, dissolution, chemical equilibrium, and lightning; air - sea exchange; ocean chemistry; greenhouse gas absorption; and surface processes.

Possible mechanisms include (vii) changes in ocean temperature (and salinity), (viii) suppression of air - sea gas exchange by sea ice, and (ix) increased stratification in the Southern Ocean.

It will focus on catalyst development for four applications: proton exchange membrane fuel cells to convert stored energy in non-fossil fuels into electricity; electrolysers for splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen — a potential clean fuel cell source; syngas, a mixture of CO and H2, which is generated from coal, gas and biomass, and widely used as a key intermediate in the chemical industry; and lithium - air batteries.

Marine planktonic ecosystem dynamics, biogeochemical cycling and ocean - atmosphere - land carbon system, ocean acidification, climate change and ocean circulation, satellite ocean color, air - sea gas exchange, numerical modeling, data analysis, and data assimilation

These data include new aircraft observations from the northern permafrost region (e.g., the NASA Arctic - Boreal Vulnerability Experiment) and measurement of sea - air gas exchange (e.g., the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gas Hydrates Projecgas exchange (e.g., the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gas Hydrates ProjecGas Hydrates Project).

The lung is, by its nature, an organ exposed to the environment, with a surface area roughly the size of a tennis court and a separation between the blood and the air of roughly one micron, in order to allow gas exchange.

These changes might influence interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere such as the air - sea gas exchange and the emission of sea - spray aerosols that can scatter solar radiation or contribute to the formation of clouds.

Patients with COPD have airflow obstruction that is caused either by destruction of the air sacs that exchange gas in the lungs (emphysema) and / or inflammation of the airways (chronic bronchitis).

This permits the exchange of gases between the water and the air.

The forward models include emissions of CO2 and carbon monoxide (CO) from fossil fuel burning and wildfires; air - sea gas exchange; and photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition on land.

Wennberg, P.O., S. Peacock, J.T. Randerson, and R. Bleck, Recent changes in the air - sea gas exchange of methyl chloroform, Geophysical Research Letters, 31 (16), 2004.

Scientists who study formations in the Arctic are discovering that the crystals play a role in an exchange of gases from water to the air, including heat - trapping greenhouse gases.

Passive perfluorocarbon tracer gas sources and samplers were deployed to measure the time - averaged house air exchange rates (Dietz 1986).

These data include new aircraft observations from the northern permafrost region (e.g., the NASA Arctic - Boreal Vulnerability Experiment) and measurement of sea - air gas exchange (e.g., the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gas Hydrates Projecgas exchange (e.g., the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gas Hydrates ProjecGas Hydrates Project).

The aim of the C - SIDE working group is to reconstruct changes in sea - ice extent in the Southern Ocean for the past 130,000 years, reconstruct how sea - ice cover responded to global cooling as the Earth entered a glacial cycle, and to better understand how sea - ice cover may have influenced nutrient cycling, ocean productivity, air - sea gas exchange, and circulation dynamics.

Thus, air - sea gas exchange paired with slow internal mixing in the oceans lead to a disequilibrium in radiocarbon activity between the atmosphere and the ocean, which is known as the Marine Reservoir Effect (MRE).

Because the air and ocean exchange gases at the sea surface, ocean acidity and the atmospheric carbon dioxide are related.

Carbon stored in the atmosphere, surface ocean, biomass and soils, for example, is cycled relatively quickly via processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and air - sea gas exchange.

The Oceanflux Greenhouse Gases project is a two year project funded by the European Space Agency, the objective is to improve the quantification of air - sea exchanges of greenhouse gGases project is a two year project funded by the European Space Agency, the objective is to improve the quantification of air - sea exchanges of greenhouse gasesgases.

1 Executive Summary 2 Scope of the Report 3 The Case for Hydrogen 3.1 The Drive for Clean Energy 3.2 The Uniqueness of Hydrogen 3.3 Hydrogen's Safety Record 4 Hydrogen Fuel Cells 4.1 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell 4.2 Fuel Cells and Batteries 4.3 Fuel Cell Systems Durability 4.4 Fuel Cell Vehicles 5 Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure 5.1 Hydrogen Station Hardware 5.2 Hydrogen Compression and Storage 5.3 Hydrogen Fueling 5.4 Hydrogen Station Capacity 6 Hydrogen Fueling Station Types 6.1 Retail vs. Non-Retail Stations 6.1.1 Retail Hydrogen Stations 6.1.2 Non-Retail Hydrogen Stations 6.2 Mobile Hydrogen Stations 6.2.1 Honda's Smart Hydrogen Station 6.2.2 Nel Hydrogen's RotoLyzer 6.2.3 Others 7 Hydrogen Fueling Protocols 7.1 SAE J2601 7.2 Related Standards 7.3 Fueling Protocols vs. Vehicle Charging 7.4 SAE J2601 vs. SAE J1772 7.5 Ionic Compression 8 Hydrogen Station Rollout Strategy 8.1 Traditional Approaches 8.2 Current Approach 8.3 Factors Impacting Rollouts 8.4 Production and Distribution Scenarios 8.5 Reliability Issues 9 Sources of Hydrogen 9.1 Fossil Fuels 9.2 Renewable Sources 10 Methods of Hydrogen Production 10.1 Production from Non-Renewable Sources 10.1.1 Steam Reforming of Natural Gas 10.1.2 Coal Gasification 10.2 Production from Renewable Sources 10.2.1 Electrolysis 10.2.2 Biomass Gasification 11 Hydrogen Production Scenarios 11.1 Centralized Hydrogen Production 11.2 On - Site Hydrogen Production 11.2.1 On - site Electrolysis 11.2.2 On - Site Steam Methane Reforming 12 Hydrogen Delivery 12.1 Hydrogen Tube Trailers 12.2 Tanker Trucks 12.3 Pipeline Delivery 12.4 Railcars and Barges 13 Hydrogen Stations Cost Factors 13.1 Capital Expenditures 13.2 Operating Expenditures 14 Hydrogen Station Deployments 14.1 Asia - Pacific 14.1.1 Japan 14.1.2 Korea 14.1.3 China 14.1.4 Rest of Asia - Pacific 14.2 Europe, Middle East & Africa (EMEA) 14.2.1 Germany 14.2.2 The U.K. 14.2.3 Nordic Region 14.2.4 Rest of EMEA 14.3 Americas 14.3.1 U.S. West Coast 14.3.2 U.S. East Coast 14.3.3 Canada 14.3.4 Latin America 15 Selected Vendors 15.1 Air Liquide 15.2 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 15.3 Ballard Power Systems 15.4 FirstElement Fuel Inc. 15.5 FuelCell Energy, Inc. 15.6 Hydrogenics Corporation 15.7 The Linde Group 15.8 Nel Hydrogen 15.9 Nuvera Fuel Cells 15.10 Praxair 15.11 Proton OnSite / SunHydro 15.11.1 Proton Onsite 15.11.2 SunHydro 16 Market Forecasts 16.1 Overview 16.2 Global Hydrogen Station Market 16.2.1 Hydrogen Station Deployments 16.2.2 Hydrogen Stations Capacity 16.2.3 Hydrogen Station Costs 16.3 Asia - Pacific Hydrogen Station Market 16.3.1 Hydrogen Station Deployments 16.3.2 Hydrogen Stations Capacity 16.3.3 Hydrogen Station Costs 16.4 Europe, Middle East and Africa 16.4.1 Hydrogen Station Deployments 16.4.2 Hydrogen Station Capacity 16.4.3 Hydrogen Station Costs 16.5 Americas 16.5.1 Hydrogen Station Deployments 16.5.2 Hydrogen Station Capacity 16.5.3 Hydrogen Station Costs 17 Conclusions 17.1 Hydrogen as a Fuel 17.2 Rollout of Fuel Cell Vehicles 17.3 Hydrogen Station Deployments 17.4 Funding Requirements 17.5 Customer Experience 17.6 Other Findings

Finally, the environmental controls on methane consumption (e.g., methane oxidation; Abril et al. 2005, Kemenes et al. 2007) and air — water gas exchange rates downstream of a dam may also play an important role in determining the magnitude of downstream emissions.

But stagnant air suggest you mean gas molecules which have the same average molecule velocity, and exchanges of velocities of gas which have the same average molecule velocities is not conducted heat anywhere.

Air molecules exchange velocities with each other, and suppose you could choose to say gas molecules conducts heat to other gas molecules.

The measure also rescinds regulations on greenhouse gas emissions, such as the Clean Air Rule, in exchange for enacting the carbon tax.

The air - sea exchanges of greenhouse gases are of prime importance in the climate system.

Over the ocean, CO2 molecules pass through the air - sea interface by gas exchange.

Blomquist B. W., S. E. Brumer, C. W. Fairall, B. J. Huebert, C. J. Zappa, I. M. Brooks, M. Yang, L. Bariteau, J. Prytherch, J. E. Hare, H. Czerski, A. Matei and R. W. Pascal (October 2017): Wind Speed and Sea State Dependencies of Air - Sea Gas Transfer: Results From the High Wind Speed Gas Exchange Study (HiWinGS).

Scientists have measured dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) gas dynamics in many ocean regions to predict future CO2 exchange between the air and sea, which will influence ocean acidification and global warming.