My thinking continues to be that the relative strengths must indeed be altered by variations in solar insolation to the oceans given that the oceans have such a profound effect on the temperature of
the air masses above them.
Usually in winter,
the air masses above the Arctic have low pressure, and the entire area is surrounded by a circular vortex of wind currents, keeping the frigid polar air contained.
Not exact matches
What sets The Book of
Air and Shadows substantially
above the
mass of «secret - cipher» novels that have been spawned in the wake of The Da Vinci Code are Gruber's ability to juggle multiple threads and concepts with aplomb, and the depth of characterization.
The warm
air above nocturnal or polar inversions, or even stable
air masses with small positive lapse rates, are warmer than otherwise because of heat capacity and radiant + convective heating during daytime and / or because of heating occurring at other latitudes / regions that is transported to higher latitudes / regions.
Let's start by looking closely at the tropopause which is known to undulate upwards
above rising
air masses and downwards
above falling
air masses.
If you put the condenser in a garage, attic (as shown
above), or other space, it's now connected to a finite
mass of
air.
Still to be delivered: proof that the globe, or even that small
mass of
air above that small part of the Earth known as the Arctic, is being heated by increased atmospheric CO2.
One extreme example: A few years ago, warm
air masses was brought all the way from the North Atlantic and northward to Svalbard, due to a strong high - pressure system
above Europe and a deep low
above Iceland.
The
air at the bottom has a higher temperature as a consequence of being compressed by the
mass of
air above being acted upon by gravity.
The total
mass of
air above the urban area is 10,000 kg / m ^ 2, but the bottom 2000 ft contains less than 5 % of it, or around 500 kg / m ^ 2.
Rather than flow around the arctic in a circular manner, the movement of the cold
air becomes wavier, bringing the
mass further and further south (see the pictures
above).
This can't be the case for the obvious reason that pressure is determined solely by the
mass of
air and water
above it, which is unchanged by condensation.
Though quite what it means by the following is anybody's guess: «The greater the
mass of
air above us, the higher the pressure we feel, and vice-versa.
The pressure of a volume of gas in atmosphere is not determined by what happens in that volume but by the atmosphere outside that volume and in particular by the
mass of
air above that volume in the simplest case.
A frontal inversion occurs when a cold
air mass undercuts a warm
air mass and lifts it aloft; the front between the two
air masses then has warm
air above and cold
air below.
Surface temperatures take longer to catch up while the oceans and land
masses attempt to equalize with the
air high
above them and they probably never do fully.
At all other times of the day, the
air mass is calculated based on the incident angle of the sun — the angle of the sun
above the horizon.
Rain cells that are in far
above freezing
air masses can be observed anomalously «changing over to snow».
In one simulation, the researchers covered much of the northern hemisphere (
above 20 ° latitude) with forests and saw a jump in surface
air temperature of more than 6 ° F. Covering the entire planet's land
mass with trees led to a more modest increase of about 2 ° F.