During the other phase of NAO, when
the air pressure difference is weaker, the same areas have shown positive changes, in crop productivity.
During the other phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation, when
the air pressure difference is smaller, less than average amounts of mild air flow to Europe.
The North Atlantic Oscillation climate index measures
the air pressure difference between Iceland and the Azores islands off the Portuguese coast, and is a record of the strength of the westerly winds in the North Atlantic.
Specific conditions for West Europe depend most on what is known as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)--
the air pressure difference between Iceland and the Azores.
The Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) is calculated from the monthly or seasonal fluctuations in
the air pressure difference between Tahiti and Darwin.