Sentences with phrase «air temperature over the oceans»

Warming has occurred in both land and ocean domains, and in both sea surface temperature (SST) and nighttime marine air temperature over the oceans.

The former is likely to overestimate the true global surface air temperature trend (since the oceans do not warm as fast as the land), while the latter may underestimate the true trend, since the air temperature over the ocean is predicted to rise at a slightly higher rate than the ocean temperature.

The former is likely to overestimate the true global surface air temperature trend (since the oceans do not warm as fast as the land), while the latter may underestimate the true trend, since the air temperature over the ocean is predicted to rise at a slightly higher rate than the ocean temperature.

This warming can be seen in measurements of troposphere temperatures measured by weather balloons and satellites, in measurements of ocean heat content, sea surface temperature (measured in situ and by satellites), air temperatures over the ocean, air temperature over land.

Warmer sea surface water can severely damage coral reefs, facilitate algal blooms, and together with warmer air temperature over the oceans, can increase the destructive potential of tropical cyclones and hurricanes.

Not exact matches

«Mars for example is in the sun's habitable zone, but it has no oceans — causing air temperatures to swing over a range of 100OC.

Instead, the researcher and his colleagues use historic measurements of air pressure and ocean temperatures, put into a model, to calibrate surface temperatures over the 20th century.

To create their estimate, the researchers took the most recent understanding for how rocks, oceans, and air temperature interact, and put that into a computer simulation of Earth's temperature over the past 4 billion years.

El Niño is a weather pattern characterized by a periodic fluctuation in sea surface temperature and air pressure in the Pacific Ocean, which causes climate variability over the course of years, sometimes even decades.

Note that we've got a paper soon to come out in «The Cryosphere» (and we'll have a poster at AGU) looking at recent «Arctic Amplification» that you discuss (the stronger rise in surface air temperatures over the Arctic Ocean compared to lower latitudes).

However, for the globe as a whole, surface air temperatures over land have risen at about double the ocean rate after 1979 (more than 0.27 °C per decade vs. 0.13 °C per decade), with the greatest warming during winter (December to February) and spring (March to May) in the Northern Hemisphere.

The observed fact that temperatures increases slower over the oceans than over land demonstrates that the large heat capacity of the ocean tries to hold back the warming of the air over the ocean and produces a delay at the surface but nevertheless the atmosphere responds quit rapidly to increasing greenhouse gases.

There are some various proposed mechanisms to explain this that involve the surface energy balance (e.g., less coupling between the ground temperature and lower air temperature over land because of less potential for evaporation), and also lapse rate differences over ocean and land (see Joshi et al 2008, Climate Dynamics), as well as vegetation or cloud changes.

This winter, that warmth reached astounding levels, with air temperatures over the Arctic Ocean ranging from 4 °F to 11 °F (2 °C to 6 °C) above average in nearly every region.

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A sea breeze, which is caused by the temperature and pressure difference between warm areas inland and the cool air over the ocean, often develops on warm summer days as well, increasing the on - shore flow pattern and maintaining a constant flow of marine stratus clouds onto the coastal areas.

Warmer air temperatures help prevent ocean water from freezing over in the first place, and winds can push the ice together, keeping ice extent lower.

The key points of the paper are that: i) model simulations with 20th century forcings are able to match the surface air temperature record, ii) they also match the measured changes of ocean heat content over the last decade, iii) the implied planetary imbalance (the amount of excess energy the Earth is currently absorbing) which is roughly equal to the ocean heat uptake, is significant and growing, and iv) this implies both that there is significant heating «in the pipeline», and that there is an important lag in the climate's full response to changes in the forcing.

Now since relative humidity remains roughly constant at the ocean surface and the air's capacity to hold water increases with temperature, relative humidity will actually decrease over land, particularly as one enters the continental interiors.

However their predictions are about much more than just the average near - surface air temperature, they are mainly focused on how heat mixes into the ocean and how that affects the rise in surface temperature as CO2 is doubled over 100 years.

Air - water heat flux may not significantly affect the temperature of the ocean, but it does affect the temperature of the atmosphere — as in the air over Europe is warmed by the North Atlantic DriAir - water heat flux may not significantly affect the temperature of the ocean, but it does affect the temperature of the atmosphere — as in the air over Europe is warmed by the North Atlantic Driair over Europe is warmed by the North Atlantic Drift.

Temperature change from climate models, including that reported in 1988 (12), usually refers to temperature of surface air over both landTemperature change from climate models, including that reported in 1988 (12), usually refers to temperature of surface air over both landtemperature of surface air over both land and ocean.

And air temperatures over exposed land surfaces should warm differently than air temperatures over sea ice, especially when open ocean separates them.

Similarly, if there is an increase in the difference between land and ocean temperatures, the rising air over land draws in moist air from the ocean and lifts it, leading to monsoons.

Air temperatures at 925 millibar (about 3,000 ft above the surface) were mostly above average over the Arctic Ocean, with positive anomalies of 4 to 6º Celsius over the Chukchi and Bering seas on the Pacific side of the Arctic, and over the East Greenland Sea on the Atlantic side.

Figure 1 shows the change in the world's air temperature averaged over all the land and ocean between 1975 and 2008.

The 2009 State of the Climate Report of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) tells us that climate change is real because of rising surface air temperatures since 1880 over land and the ocean, ocean acidification, sea level rise, glaciers melting, rising specific humidity, ocean heat content increasing, sea ice retreating, glaciers diminishing, Northern Hemisphere snow cover decreasing, and so many other lines of evidence.

Figure 5: Surface air temperature over the ice - covered areas of the Southern Ocean (top).

Given the fact the the bulk of the energy in the TOA imbalance is getting stored in the ocean, yet temperature anomalies over the ocean are less than over the land, for the above stated reasons, the global combined land and ocean (that is, air over the ocean) temperature anomalies actually tend to greatly understate to a the actual effects of the anthropogenic caused TOA anomaly.

They avoid some of the issues in Millar by using more globally - representative surface temperature records, though they still use series that blend surface air temperatures over land with slower - warming sea surface temperatures over the ocean.

While consistent with the IPCC assessments of historical warming, it lacks coverage of much of the fast - warming Arctic region and blends surface air temperatures over land with slower - warming sea surface temperatures over the ocean.

Map of air temperature anomalies for December 2009, at the 925 millibar level (roughly 1,000 meters [3,000 feet] above the surface) for the region north of 30 degrees N, shows warmer than usual temperatures over the Arctic Ocean and cooler than normal temperatures over central Eurasia, the United States and southwestern Canada.

Average air temperatures over the Arctic Ocean were much higher than normal for the month, reflecting unusual atmospheric conditions.

Surface air with enough energy to generate a hurricane only exists over oceans with a temperature greater than 26.5 ° Celsius (80 ° F).

December air temperatures over the Arctic Ocean region, eastern Siberia, and northwestern North America were warmer than normal.

On my religion: I am honest when I say to you that there seem to be no warming in areas over land in areas where ocean air do not dominate temperature trends, then its true.

As evident in the figures the near surface air temperatures are actually warmer over the Arctic Ocean (by over 1 °C in large areas) when the sea ice absorbs solar radiation and transfers some of this energy as sensible heat back into the atmosphere.

Winter temperatures were anomalously warm — the cold air kept moving southward without building up for extensive periods over the Arctic Ocean.

October air temperatures at the 925 hPa level (about 2,500 feet above sea level) were unusually high over most of the Arctic Ocean (Figure 2c), especially over the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas and over the East Greenland Sea (up to 8 degrees Celsius or 14 degrees Fahrenheit above the 1981 to 2010 average).

The fact this is seemingly not fully recognized — or here integrated — by Curry goes to the same reason Curry does not recognize why the so called «pause» is a fiction, why the «slowing» of the «rate» of increase in average ambient global land and ocean surface air temperatures over a shorter term period from the larger spike beyond the longer term mean of the 90s is also meaningless in terms of the basic issue, and why the average ambient increase in global air temperatures over such a short term is by far the least important empirical indicia of the issue.

The surface data (left panel) are comprised of surface air temperature over land and the temperature of water at the ocean's surface, and have been subjected to a slight additional smoothing to simplify the pattern (Jones et al., 1999).

At low altitude and high temperatures (greater than 30 °C or 86 °F), over the ocean, it can reach 4.3 % or more of the atmosphere and is less dense than dry air, causing it to rise.

Over ocean stretches with a positive SST anomaly air convection is higher (as the temperature difference between the warm sea surface and the cool air higher up in the troposphere is greater), so a higher likelihood for the formation of depressions exists and more precipitation is to be expected.

Air temperatures at the 925 hPa level (approximately 2,500 feet above sea level) were more than 3 degrees Celsius (5 degrees Fahrenheit) above the 1981 to 2010 average over the central Arctic Ocean and northern Barents Sea, and as much as 5 degrees Celsius (9 degrees Fahrenheit) above average over the Chukchi Sea.

The subsiding air warms by compression and, coupled with cooling of the lowest layers overlying the cold ocean currents normally found off the west coasts of the continents, forms a pronounced temperature inversion (warm air over cold), called the trade - wind inversion.

When the intensity of ultraviolet light from the sun increases, temperature rises in this ozone rich air and weakens the downdraft, lowers the surface pressure and with it the strength of the trade winds that blow across the ocean to the low pressure zones that form over the warm waters that accumulate in the west.

But the dry air column holds a lot less energy so when the sun goes down and the surface is no longer heating it through conduction and radiation the column cools rapidly hence the great diurnal temperature range of the desert and the almost total lack of diurnal temperature change over the ocean.

The time series uses - an area - weighted average of the surface air temperature over land and the temperature of water at the ocean's surface.

It is hard to say with the surface data we have, but it appears that Arctic Ocean cyclones are still warmer than the High pressure over the gyre, of interest is when these temperatures will be equal, then the switch should happen when cyclones cool surface air instead.

Second, even there the air temperature will affect how much moisture can be brought in from those easterly gales — the colder the air over the ocean, the less moisture will be entrained, and the less snow will result.