NASA's long - running Operation IceBridge campaign last week began a series of
airborne measurements of melt ponds on the surface of the Arctic sea ice cap.
Note that ppm and delta13C are not the same at all altitudes and evolve progressively, as illustrated by
the airborne measurements of Nakazawa et al., Time and space variations of the carbon isotopic ratio, Tellus, 1993.
In October 2011, researchers flying in NASA's Operation IceBridge campaign made the first - ever detailed,
airborne measurements of a major iceberg calving event while it was in progress.
Researchers at the University of Alaska Fairbanks have been taking
airborne measurements of glacier surface height using a laser altimeter, an instrument that bounces a laser off of the ice surface and measures how long it takes to return.
«Using improved
airborne measurements of particle scattering and absorbing properties and chemical composition, we can better measure their size distribution as well.»
Not exact matches
Climatologists looking for signs
of global warming have been vexed by a contradiction between ground - based and
airborne temperature
measurements.
«The combination
of bottom - up soil emission
measurements and top - down
airborne measurements provide strong evidence for their emission assessments,» he says.
A combination
of airborne measurements and space weather data from satellites may allow the radiation «clouds» to be tracked.
The study, conducted at the Scott Polar Research Institute (SPRI) at the University
of Cambridge, used
airborne radar
measurements to reveal the lakes underneath the ice sheet.
In our flights, because
of the difference in gravitational attraction associated with the presence
of water instead
of rock beneath the ice tongue, our
airborne gravimeter was sufficiently sensitive to duplicate the Autosub
measurements and to determine the shape
of the cavity beyond the ridge.
A new
airborne Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) system will be built to enable future interdisciplinary ecological and environmental research involving optical
measurements of fish, plankton, water turbidity, and related quantities in lakes and rivers.
Now that the work has been done to combine these
airborne measurements, Schroeder said he plans to expand this type analysis to other glaciers, a move that could improve scientists» understanding
of the hidden ways climate change is affecting ice.
Earlier this year, a number
of research groups was able to coordinate thickness
measurements (
airborne, surface based and associated deployment
of buoys) to help us better understand the ice thickness evolution in this sector
of the Arctic.
The overall goal
of the exercise was to collect
measurements of snow and ice along the Thule Air Base survey track for validation
of NASA Operation IceBridge
airborne radar systems.
Assessment
of fossil fuel carbon dioxide and other anthropogenic trace gas emissions from
airborne measurements over Sacramento, California in spring 2009
The scientists use data from
airborne Lidar, surface geophysical
measurements, and point
measurements to explore the complex relationships between different layers
of permafrost soil.
These INP
measurements supplemented multiple
airborne INP
measurements on the AAF, and others on the ground during ACAPEX to provide extensive spatial and temporal analyses
of INP immersion freezing spectra during winter storm periods.
Johannes Fürst, a researcher at the University
of Erlangen - Nuremberg's Institute
of Geography in Germany, and colleagues report in Nature Climate Change that they analysed years
of ice thickness data from European Space Agency satellites and
airborne measurements.
To date, the
airborne in situ
measurements of the cirrus PSD have contained large uncertainties due to errors in measuring small ice crystals (D ≲ 60 μm).
Long term changes in mass balance, which can verify the accuracy
of the annual balance
measurements can be made using geodetic methods, such as
airborne surface profiling or surface remapping.
With respect to ongoing research, I wonder if a series
of high - resolution
measurements in the 53 - 57 GHz band from an
airborne microwave spectrometer (vertical looking up, vertical looking down and horizontal) under measured conditions
of temperature, pressure and humidity might allow improved deconvolution
of the satellite data.