"Airline surcharges" refers to additional fees or costs imposed by airlines on top of the regular ticket price. These surcharges can be for various reasons such as fuel, security, or airport fees and are added to the total amount passengers have to pay when booking a flight.
Full definition
That means it's important to pre-pay for travel fees such
as airline surcharges — airlines add extra fees for items like peak holiday travel days ($ 10 - $ 50), seat selection, and more.
You can use the Aeroplan Miles accrued to win a free first class flight and also cover additional travel costs such as
the airline surcharges, fees and taxes as the charges associated with your ticket.
Flights within the British Isles, to Europe, or to the U.S. each cost a set number of points, plus an amount in dollars or euros for
the airline surcharge for that zone.
Sure, ANA will slap you with the $ 180 fuel surcharge (see
the Airline Surcharge Insurance / Fuel), but ANA has a considerably better product than United or American in all classes!