Sentences with phrase «al. suggest the timing»

Brocher et al. suggest the timing of the earthquake near the end of the dry season, the three - year long drought and resulting low water table inhibited the liquefaction of the top layers of sandy deposits, sparing the area greater damage.

Not exact matches

The Haida Gwaii rupture shook southeastern Alaska, and the northwest directivity of ground motion may have influenced the timing of the January 2013 Craig earthquake, suggests James et al. in the introduction to the overall special issue.

Simple biogeochemical flux modeling suggests that, if the Archean Earth was kept warm by a methane greenhouse, then the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis could have triggered a Snowball Earth event on a time scale as short as about a million years (Kopp et al., 2005).

A computational model of the large - scale structure of cerebral cortex (Honey et al., 2007) suggested a partial correspondence between structural and functional hubs even at very short time scales (msecs.

Goldberg et al. suggested that the constraints of large - scale assessment (i.e., assigned topics, limited and prescribed time blocks, use of revision and response worksheets, collaboration with assigned partners rather than classmates) may inhibit students» motivation and ability to engage in revision and peer response.

This suggested process of teaching with the Frayer Model aligns with the previously discussed evidence - based features of making the terms vivid (Vaughn et al., 2009), returning to the words multiple times throughout a unit of instruction (Lara - Alecio et al., 2012), and fostering discussion about the words and concepts students are learning (Vaughn et al., 2013).

Josie, if you think there's any innocence about it, I suggest you read the comment thread linked below until you can no longer stomach it, note the patience and tolerance exercised by Schmidt et al. who did not allow stomach - turning content to deter from spending all spare and sleep time dealing with it, and then join the fray.

While Eckert et al. (2013) propose a decreased seawater input or increased river input as potential causes, van der Meer et al. (2008), in contrast, suggest that the absence of a shallow chemocline can be best explained by the high sea - surface salinity at the time.

High - frequency associations (not shown here) remain strong throughout the whole record, but average density levels have continuously fallen while temperatures in recent decades have risen... As yet, the reason is not known, but analyses of time - dependent regional comparisons suggest that it is associated with a tendency towards loss of «spring» growth response (Briffa et al., 1 999b) and, at least for subarctic Siberia, it may be connected with changes in the timing of spring snowmelt (Vaganov et al., 1999).

As for how this could be — and in light of the findings of the references listed above — Rankl et al. reasoned that «considering increasing precipitation in winter and decreasing summer mean and minimum temperatures across the upper Indus Basin since the 1960s,» plus the «short response times of small glaciers,» it is only logical to conclude that these facts «suggest a shift from negative to balanced or positive mass budgets in the 1980s or 1990s or even earlier, induced by changing climatic conditions since the 1960s.»

Very large anomalies also existed at this time in Arctic sea ice and, in conjunction with positive Arabian Sea SST anomalies, connections to the events in Eurasia are suggested (Sedláček et al. 2011).

When CH4, CO2, and N2O emissions are combined, our synthesis suggests that reservoir water surfaces contribute 0.8 Pg CO2 equivalents per year over a 100 - year time span (fifth and ninety - fifth confidence interval: 0.5 — 1.2 Pg CO2 equivalents per year), or approximately 1.5 % of the global anthropogenic CO2 - equivalent emissions from CO2, CH4, and N2O reported by the IPCC (table 1; Ciais et al. 2013) and 1.3 % of global anthropogenic CO2 - equivalent emissions from well mixed GHGs overall (Myhre et al. 2013).

Recent work (e.g., Hurrell 1995, 1996; Thompson and Wallace 1998; Corti et al., 1999) has suggested that the observed warming over the last few decades may be manifest as a change in frequency of these naturally preferred patterns (Chapters 2 and 7) and there is now considerable interest in testing the ability of climate models to simulate such weather regimes (Chapter 8) and to see whether the greenhouse gas forced runs suggest shifts in the residence time or transitions between such regimes on long time - scales.

There is also a growing body of literature which suggests that the aggressive efforts by climate deniers have adversely affected the communication and direction of climate research (Brysse, Oreskes, O'Reilly, & Oppenheimer, 2013; Freudenburg & Muselli, 2010; Lewandowsky, Oreskes, Risbey, Newell, & Smithson, 2013), and allegations of defamation have led to the re-examination of one of the first author's papers to eliminate legal risks that is ongoing at the time of this writing (Lewandowsky, Cook, et al., 2013).

This suggests that seafloor eruptions are particularly sensitive to prolonged tidal unloading and implies a system response time [Jupp et al., 2004] that is generally longer than the diurnal and semi-diurnal tidal fluctuations (Figure 2).»

Similar conclusions were reached by Agee et al. (2012), who examined ISCCP data over the recent solar minimum (between solar cycles 23 and 24), during which time high levels of CR were recorded, and yet no corresponding cloud changes were observed to suggest a connection to solar activity.

An analysis of the historical data suggests a strong correlation between the solar activity and the natural climate variations on centennial time - scales, such as the colder climate during the Maunder (about 1650 − 1700 AD) and Dalton (about 1800 − 1820 AD) minima as well as climate warming during the steady increase in solar activity in the first half of the twentieth - century (Siscoe 1978; Hoyt & Schatten 1997; Solomon et al. 2007; Gray et al. 2010).

Eichner (1990) in a review of N2O emission studies suggest that the source of N is important although, Mosier et al. (1993) in their review propose that soil management and cropping system has a greater impact than the source of N. McTaggart et al. (1993) show that timing and type of fertilizer can affect N2O emissions depending on the cause of the emissions.

p. 42, «The maximal inferred water depth value occurred in Lake Iso Lehmälampi ca. 1700 AD, which is consistent with the results of Tiljander et al. (2003), who suggested wetter climatic conditions at that time.»

«Working with data pertaining to 7450 cardiovascular - related deaths that occurred within Budapest, Hungary, between 1995 and 2004 — where the deceased were «medico - legally autopsied» — Toro et al. looked for potential relationships between daily maximum, minimum and mean temperature, air humidity, air pressure, wind speed, global radiation and daily numbers of the heart - related deaths... scientists report and restate their primary finding numerous times throughout their paper, writing that (1) «both the maximum and the minimum daily temperatures tend to be lower when more death cases occur in a day,» (2) «on the days with four or more death cases, the daily maximum and minimum temperatures tend to be lower than on days without any cardiovascular death events,» (3) «the largest frequency of cardiovascular death cases was detected in cold and cooling weather conditions,» (4) «we found a significant negative relationship between temperature and cardiovascular mortality,» (5) «the analysis of 6 - hour change of air pressure suggests that more acute or chronic vascular death cases occur during increasing air pressure conditions (implying cold weather fronts),» (6) «we found a high frequency of cardiovascular death in cold weather,» (7) «a significant negative relationship was detected between daily maximum [and] minimum temperature [s] and the number of sudden cardiovascular death cases,» and (8) «a significant negative correlation was detected between daily mean temperature and cardiovascular mortality.»

Ruddiman and McIntyre (1981), p. 204, dismissed this since they saw no decrease in North Atlantic biological productivity, but some later data supported the idea; in 1985 Broecker suspected the meltwater pulse was the entire cause of the Younger Dryas, but later he suggested it was only the trigger that set the timing for a switch between thermohaline circulation modes, Broecker et al. (1989)(whose «synthesis of palaeoclimatic observations invigorated the community over the next decade,» according to Le Treut et al. (2007), p. 106); Broecker et al. (1990).

This assumption has been questioned on the basis of both observational and model - simulated data suggesting that tropical to extratropical climate variability can be decoupled (Rind et al., 2005), and also that extratropical teleconnections associated with ENSO may vary through time (see Section 6.5.6).

They indicate a greater range of variability on centennial time scales prior to the 20th century, and also suggest slightly cooler conditions during the 17th century than those portrayed in the Mann et al. (1998, 1999) series.

Furthermore, evidence on the effect of a mandatory «opt out» provision for medical records research is only fragmentary at this time, but at least one study has preliminarily suggested that those who refuse to consent for research access to their medical records may differ in statistically significant ways from those who consent with respect to variables such as age and disease category (SJ Jacobsen et al. «Potential Effect of Authorization Bias on Medical Records Research.»

Research also suggests that exposure to foods (such as having healthy foods available in the home, encouraging children to taste new foods many times) may be an effective feeding practice as exposure fosters increased liking and higher consumption of these foods (Wardle et al., 2003).

However, other work acknowledges the wide range of both parents» activities at home and suggests that, despite some differences in time spent on direct interaction and their focus, overall parents living together often have similar, closely overlapping roles in raising their child (Lamb, 2010; McMunn et al., 2015).

Given that the theoretical model suggested by Loeber et al. (2000) which we aimed to test in this study is age specific, we selected from all the participants of the Zuid - Holland longitudinal study, a sub-sample of participants who were aged 6 — 8 years (i.e., children in early childhood; 507 children / 243 males) and had parent reports at Time 1.

Specifically, Spitzer et al. suggested narrowing the PTSD definition of trauma, specifying a symptom onset time frame after the trauma, and removing symptoms that overlap with other anxiety and mood disorders.

Hussong et al. (2011) suggested elevated levels of internalizing symptoms in a circumscribed period of time (e.g., a given month or year) may be less germane to trajectories of SU than chronic or stably high internalizing symptoms.

Remaining, if not increasing, family type differences in economic conditions were also suggested as explanations to unaltered associations between parental divorce and child outcomes over time in previous American and British studies (Biblarz and Raftery 1999; Ely et al. 1999).

Although certain parent training programs such as PCIT require that parents achieve a «mastery criteria» prior to moving onto other sessions (which may result in longer treatment periods), our data as well as data from other briefer PCIT studies (e.g., Berkovits et al. 2010; Nixon et al. 2003), suggest that a time limited approach is equally effective.

As suggested by past research on parenting of able - bodied adolescents, reductions in parental control over time, coupled with consistency in high levels of acceptance are associated with positive adolescent psychosocial adjustment and facilitate autonomy development (Barber & Harmon, 2002; Baumrind, 1991a; Steinberg et al., 1994).

While intelligence as psychological construct is assumed to be stable over time, it has been suggested that WISC - III subtests may be less stable than global IQ (for more information about long - term stability of the WISC - III see Canivez and Watkins 2001; for a general discussion see Moffitt et al. (1993) and repeated verbal IQ testing during childhood has revealed considerable change within individuals, reflecting different rates of developmental maturation, and, specifically, language development (Breslau et al. 2001).