Sentences with phrase «albedo between»

Consider the hemispherical distribution of land vs water to gain a sense of the size of the mismatch (and the subsequent relative changes in albedo between glaciation and interglacial).

Also, I don't disagree with the overall finding that there's an Arctic Amplification due to the difference in albedo between sea - ice and open water.

33K appears to be accurate + -10 % going by average measured temperature of the surface of the moon and the surface of the earth after taking into account difference in albedo between the two where the inaccuracy is almost soley due to lack of accuracy in determining the average albedo of the earth.

Figure 1 shows change in clear - sky albedo between the mean of the last five Septembers (2007 — 2011) and the mean of the first five Septembers (2000 — 2004) of the CERES record.

The modus operandi is the huge difference in albedo between the two phases.

For example, the optical thickness of the CO2 in the atmosphere (if you see an error in this list of things independent of climate, see below), the incident solar radiation and it's distribution over time and space (latitude), variations in surface albedo between ocean, rock, vegetation, etc.).

Not exact matches

The impact of grain size on albedo — the ratio between reflected and incoming solar radiation — is strong in the infrared range, where humans can't see, but satellite instruments can detect the change.

«In future climate scenarios, where even more melting is predicted, it is crucial that we are able to better discriminate between all factors affecting albedo.»

The albedo of fresh snow is typically between 80 and 90 percent whereas the albedo of the ocean surface is less than 20 percent.

So the real choice is between exploring albedo modification openly or in relative secrecy, he says: «I believe in sunshine and democracy, and I really think this should be done by the U.S. government and in a transparent way.»

They found that combinations of increased vegetation and albedo could cut into projected increases in heat deaths, reducing them between 40 and 99 percent.

The team's computer simulations suggested that the soot can cause a decrease of between 1.6 and 4.1 percent in the glacier's albedo — a measure of its sunlight - reflecting «whiteness» — and that the resulting heating can cause up to a 24 percent increase in the annual snowmelt, Yasunari reported here Monday at a meeting of the American Geophysical Union (AGU).

It confirmed that the mean albedo, or surface reflectivity, of the Arctic ice zone in late summer declined over an almost three - decade period, between 1982 and 2009.

Regardless of how hot the Sahara may feel when you stand in it, the difference in radiative effect between it and rainforest is in its higher albedo, reflecting more direct sunlight, the darker forests absorb more heat.

I can't tell where you got the figure but -3.5 W / m2 is about right for current understanding of «boundary condition» land albedo change between pre-industrial and LGM.

Well, something must be there, because main conservation principles are unable to account for the observed extremely precise match between all sky hemispheric albedoes, while clear sky albedoes are vastly different.

Equilibrium sensitivity, including slower surface albedo feedbacks, is 6 °C for doubled CO2 for the range of climate states between glacial conditions and ice - free Antarctica.»

On the possibility of a changing cloud cover «forcing» global warming in recent times (assuming we can just ignore the CO2 physics and current literature on feedbacks, since I don't see a contradiction between an internal radiative forcing and positive feedbacks), one would have to explain a few things, like why the diurnal temperature gradient would decrease with a planet being warmed by decreased albedo... why the stratosphere should cool... why winters should warm faster than summers... essentially the same questions that come with the cosmic ray hypothesis.

So, clouds both warm and cool, and their overall effect upon climate depends upon the balance between albedo cooling and greenhouse warming.

But let me expand a bit on the larger point, about the relationship between albedo and cloud feedback.

Please note shortwave albedo of Earth has large spatio - temporal variations, but its annual global average is restricted to a narrow range, even if it is not determined by simple material constraints, but by an intricate interplay between many internal degrees of freedom.

Your illogic is to think that this somehow would be some sort of legitimate argument that the (inverse) cause and effect relationship between albedo and global temperature established by the laws of physics is false.

I meant that the attribution of the forcing between Ice albedo, CO2, etc. might be dependent on the temperature.

The correlation between ISCCP - reconstructed (delta - p - star in equation 1) and observed apparent albedo is 0.6 and the relationship between the reconstructed and observed apparent albedo / ES look more like a cloud with a great deal of scatter rather than a straight line indicative of a close relationaship (Pall» e et al..

Re comment # 4: «There is nothing regarding those observations that can distinguish between natural and anthropogenic changes in the Earth's albedo».

As an analogy, if I told you that I was going to paint my white car black and that I expected it would get hotter on sunny days as a result, you would probably start asking questions about what the temperature of the paint was when I applied it and how those molecules heated up or cooled down, ignoring the relevant factor which is this: By painting the car black, I am changing the car's albedo and thus changing the radiative balance between the car and the sun on sunny days.

With respect to Mr. Best's post, which I may be unfairly implying is a good example, one of the fallacious but clever debate manipulations utilized by CC deniers and (way too many) lukewarmers is to focus relentlessly (often inaccurately) on climatological research frontiers such as climate sensitivity, or relations between evaporation, cloudiness, and global albedo.

There is nothing regarding those observations that can distinguish between natural and anthropogenic changes in the Earth's albedo.

Analysis of observed declines in sea ice and snow coverage from 1979 to 2008 suggests that the NH albedo feedback is between 0.3 and 1.1 W m — 2 °C — 1 (Flanner et al., 2011).

Thus, there isn't a great deal of difference between the albedo values during the seasonal peak in insolation during the melt season.

I can't tell where you got the figure but -3.5 W / m2 is about right for current understanding of «boundary condition» land albedo change between pre-industrial and LGM.

Claquin et al's model - derived findings show a change in tropical atmospheric forcing of «-- 2.2 to — 3.2 W m — 2» between PI and LGM earth, due to the increased albedo of atmospheric dust.

Isn't there an even bigger issue that approx half of the temperature amplitude between glacial and interglacial isn't actually due to CO2 or other GHG, but to albedo changes (ice albedo feedback)?

Depending on meridional heat transport, when freezing temperatures reach deep enough towards low - latitudes, the ice - albedo feedback can become so effective that climate sensitivity becomes infinite and even negative (implying unstable equilibrium for any «ice - line» (latitude marking the edge of ice) between the equator and some other latitude).

These findings are remarkable insofar as they indicate that anthropogenic perturbations of the planetary albedo, such as sulphur emissions and / or land - use changes, or natural variations in insolation and CO2 concentration could trigger abrupt transitions between different monsoon regimes.

Regardless of how hot the Sahara may feel when you stand in it, the difference in radiative effect between it and rainforest is in its higher albedo, reflecting more direct sunlight, the darker forests absorb more heat.

[Response: What if we postulate a feedback between ozone depletion, which causes people to get better sun tans, warming the climate due to decreasing planetary albedo?

Both are related to feedback mechanisms which can amplify or dampen initial changes, such as the connection between temperature and the albedo associated with sea - ice and snow.

The energy flowing from the sun is intercepted by the earth with energy density described by the «solar constant «(S0 = 1366W / m2), and the amount of energy intercepted is the product between this flux density and the earth's disc (minus the reflected light due to the planet's albedo: A ~ 0.3).

The difference between direct and diffuse solar energy is important because the albedo is a function of zenith angle, which is especially so for the direct SW beam impinging on water.

These data indicate a strong difference between the albedo of sea - ice and open water, with some reduction in sea - ice albedo when melt ponds are expected.

The below table from the NAS report highlights a number of key differences between CDR and Albedo Modification proposals.

They estimate that increasing the reflectance — commonly known as albedo — of every urban area by 0.1 will give a CO2 offset between 130 and 150 billion tonnes.

Intercomparison Between in situ and AVHRR Polar Pathfinder - derived Surface Albedo over Greenland Remote Sensing of the Environment 75 (3): 360 - 374.

One of the major areas, well covered in other posts on Climate Etc., involve the very skimpy knowledge - base on the relationship between atmospheric heating («forcing») and cloud albedo.

Isostatic rebound in response to glacier retreat (unloading), increase in local salinity (i.e., δ18Osw), have been attributed to increased volcanic activity at the onset of Bølling — Allerød, are associated with the interval of intense volcanic activity, hinting at a interaction between climate and volcanism - enhanced short - term melting of glaciers, possibly via albedo changes from particle fallout on glacier surfaces.

What difference between energy absorption and radiation do we need to induce in order to make the air temperature increase by 1 degree C, assuming no change in albedo?

The CESM experiments reveal a quadratic relationship between extra-tropical Pacific albedo and the root - mean - square - error in equatorial SSTs — a relationship with which the CMIP5 models generally agree.

One of the most puzzling things is that the heating between 1980 and 2000 seems to have been driven by a large increase in net received shortwave radiation due to albedo reduction, rather than by any observed reduction in outgoing longwave radiation.

The real «flat plate» GHE is between 11 and 17 K depending on your estimate of present albedo and planetary emissivity in the absence of GHGs.