Sentences with phrase «albedo changes such»

The black line, reconstructed from ISCCP satellite data, «is a purely statistical parameter that has little physical meaning as it does not account for the non-linear relations between cloud and surface properties and planetary albedo and does not include aerosol related albedo changes such as associated with Mt. Pinatubo, or human emissions of sulfates for instance» (Real Climate).

Not exact matches

For one thing, the fit neglects lags in the system (such as those resulting from ocean heat uptake) and it also neglects changes in albedo and other radiative factors.

The change in albedo for such a long period of time each year is bound to cause all sorts of weird weather that we have never before experienced.

Perhaps it's worth mentioning that other feedbacks can come into play, too, such as water vapor and albedo changes.

These findings are remarkable insofar as they indicate that anthropogenic perturbations of the planetary albedo, such as sulphur emissions and / or land - use changes, or natural variations in insolation and CO2 concentration could trigger abrupt transitions between different monsoon regimes.

In fact, if the physics - based understanding of «equilibrium sensitivity» to any forcing is too low, then not only will CO2 have a greater effect, so too will all other forcings, such as: changes in the sun, in cloud cover, in albedo, etc..

Both are related to feedback mechanisms which can amplify or dampen initial changes, such as the connection between temperature and the albedo associated with sea - ice and snow.

In their latest Science paper submittal Jim Hansen, et al. argue that we must reduce atmospheric CO2 to below 350 ppm because so - called «slow feedbacks» such as changes in ice sheet albedo are occurring much faster than expected.

How can they make such a claim when albedo change alone exceeds the entire change due to CO2?

At best, maybe jetfuel would be on to something if the change in seasonal ice / snow cover in Canada is measurably altering the albedo, as scaddenp notes, but I doubt we'll see jetfuel come up with any evidence showing the existence or magnitude of such an effect.

Earth system and carbon - cycle feedbacks such as the release of carbon from thawing permafrost or vegetation changes affecting terrestrial carbon storage or albedo may further extend and possibly amplify warming (6).

Its warming effect, however, is simultaneously amplified and dampened by positive and negative feedbacks such as increased water vapor (the most powerful greenhouse gas), reduced albedo, which is a measure of Earth's reflectivity, changes in cloud characteristics, and CO2 exchanges with the ocean and terrestrial ecosystems.

By so doing, we are ignoring other low frequency forcings (such as long wavelength changes in TSI and albedo) which would have to be included to make any sense of the data.

Forcing agents such as aerosols, ozone and land albedo changes are highly heterogeneous spatially and temporally.

Appreciable changes in climate are the result of changes in the energy balance of the Earth, which requires «external» forcings, such as changes in solar output, albedo, and atmospheric greenhouse gases.

The Arctic provides an early indicator of global climate change through feedback systems associated with factors such as the high albedo of snow and ice [Holland and Bitz, 2003].

«Since 1997, when Pinatubo's aerosol settled out, the stratosphere has been exceptionally clear... Half or more of the warming since 1995 may due to the lack of large volcanic eruptions... That's about 0.13 °C... The remaining climate change is presumably caused by other forces, such as solar variability, El Nino, Atlantic AMO warming in 1995, lower Albedo and maybe even a little greenhouse gas.»

Broad - scale changes in vegetation in general, and tree loss in particular, have pronounced effects on climate processes through biogeophysical mechanisms such as albedo, evapotranspiration (ET), and carbon dioxide exchange with the atmosphere [11].

Land use influences the climate system in many different ways including direct emissions from land - use change, hydrological impacts, biogeophysical impacts (such as changes in albedo and surface roughness), and the size of the remaining vegetation stock (influencing CO2 removal from the atmosphere).

There are other factors such as albedo change, buildings that diminish surface winds, and anthropogenic heat sources from anthing that consumes fuel or electricity to produce work and waste heat which buildings then help to trap.

«his refusal to calculate a total year energy balance» - At this stage, no such calculation can be made, because I have calculated in detail only the changes in the incoming energy (the insolation) as a function of time - of - year and latitude; I have estimated also the effect upon the insolation absorption through a change in the Arctic albedo.

The change of the heat content of the globe (mainly in the oceans) is dH / dt = S (1 - a)-- E, where S is the solar radiation, a the albedo, E the global infrared emission; such a relation is likely and there are historical series for H (figure 13 - A), E (figure 14 - A) for S and a; whether global averaging makes sense is debatable.

But again such global averages are of little value: regional observations should be related to the regional cloud coverage and albedo and possibly to changes of the strength of surface currents.

This radiative response by the system is due predominantly to increased thermal radiation, but it is modified by climate feedbacks such as changes in water vapour, clouds and surface albedo, which affect both outgoing longwave and reflected shortwave radiation.

The only thing that I would contend could be added would be long slow cumulative changes in solar output other than raw TSI namely changes in the mix of particles and wavelengths over longer periods of time such as MWP to LIA to date and which seem to have some effect on surface pressure distribution and global albedo so as to alter solar shortwave into the oceans and thus affecting the energy available to the ENSO process.

This leads me to believe that CO2 forcing is a minor component of the temperature rise (even Hansen in his paper «Global Warming in the 21st century, an Alternative Scenario» has assigned much warming to e.g. black carbon, methane etc, and an inquisitive mind might easily think of others such as albedo change).

This is the result of polar amplification - warming at the tropics is less than warming at the poles due to various effects such as positive feedback from ice albedo changes.

«climate scientists have long taken into account many other factors that can influence the climate, and which can change, such as ocean - atmopshere oscillations, the albedo of advancing and retreating glaciers, changing levels of incoming radiation»

Hansen & Sato [60] suggest adding slow feedbacks one by one, creating a series of increasingly comprehensive Earth system climate sensitivities; specifically, they successively move climate - driven changes in surface albedo, non-CO2 GHGs and CO2 into the feedback category, at which point the Earth system sensitivity is relevant to an external forcing such as changing solar irradiance or human - made forcings.

Some interesting questions arise — how will expected AGW changes such as increases in weather extremes interact with agriculture to amplify or diminish warming — are albedo changes due to agriculture warming or masking, and how will that change with floods or drought?

Similarly, changes in terrestrial vegetation, such as the replacement of forests by tundra, feed back into the atmosphere via changes in both albedo and latent heat flux from evapotranspiration.