Sentences with phrase «albedo of»

This suggests that the global annual average single scattering albedo of the aerosols has been reduced because of human activity.

You link clearly states this: «The albedo of a planet (or a locale on it!)

I used a Bond Albedo of 0.3 while they used one of 0.31 and my flux is 1366W / m ^ 2 compared to their 1368W / m ^ 2.

During the summertime sea ice melt, after the surface snow has melted off, the albedo of melting ice is complicated by the presence of melt ponds and depends on the areal coverage and depth distribution of the melt ponds.

The more soot, the more darkening, but as little as a few parts per billion by weight reduces the albedo of pure snow (that is, collections of grains of ice) by a few per cent in the visible part of the spectrum.

The real travesty in climate science is that the ubiquitously accepted null hypothesis is that the earth's spectrum without the greenhouse effect of the atmosphere (ie, its surface spectrum) is approximately that of sort of a step function with an (observed) albedo of approximately 0.3 with respect to the sun's spectrum but 0.0 with respect to the approximately 279 kelvin temperature of a gray (flat spectrum) ball in our orbit thus producing equilibrium temperature of about 255 kelvin.

The total albedo of clean glacier ice is around 60 %, compared to 72 % for clean melting snow.

The albedo of melt pools is even lower, typically reaching values of 20 % — 30 %.

This could cause massive floods in some areas but might also block sunlight sufficiently to trigger major cooling along with the longer term effect of enhanced albedo of the expanded snow / ice area in the Northern Hemisphere.

«Pegau and Paulson [2001] determined that while the albedo of open water in Arctic pack ice had modest variations due to solar zenith angle and cloud conditions, a value of 0.07 was typical and representative.

A perfectly black surface has an albedo of zero percent and a perfectly white surface has an albedo of 100 percent.

Thus, under clear sky conditions when the energy beaming down is at a maximum, the albedo of water can be quite high, upwards of 30 %.

Black carbon can have another indirect effect by changing the albedo of snow and ice, but that's not the topic of this post.

Thus, under clear sky conditions when the energy beaming down is at a maximum, the albedo of water can be quite high, — See more at: http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2014/03/unforced-variations-mar-2014/comment-page-2/#comments

That would imply a radiative imbalance of at least -10 W / m2 or an albedo of 0.27 compared to the usual 0.30 Given that OHC over 60 years is up, indicating a positive imbalance, how do you reconcile this?

This black carbon changes the albedo of the ice, causing it to reflect less sunlight and absorb more heat.

So this planet has an Albedo of ~ 36 %, the Moon ~ 12 % and Venus ~ 100 %, realise that the Moon is showing only remittance from the materials of its surface.

Reasons that passive microwave data may not detect ice include the presence of thin, newly formed ice; the shift in albedo of actively melting ice; and atmospheric interference.

The Canadian boreal forests, which occupy about 30 % of the boreal forests worldwide and 77 % of Canada's total forested land, play a critical role in the albedo of Earth's surface5 and in its global carbon budget6.

However I also understand that ice loss is exponential in its growth and that the loss of albedo of the arctic ice cap has the same effect as doubling co2 emissions and on that basis I reckon we ain't in Kansas anymore.

If you look up lunar characteristics, the peak surface temperature is listed as 123 C or 396 K, which matches the calculation for an albedo of 0.1 for solar radiation at the lunar equator.

Arctic amplification occurs because of the ice - albedo effect: there is more snow and ice available in the Arctic to melt and decrease the albedo of the region.

Most radiative change happens in the shortwave — roughly an albedo of 0.25 in a blue green planet to 0.50 in a snowball earth.

For his greenhouse line drawn between Venus and Mars, there were ten figures available from the literature on the bolometric Bond albedo of Mars.

However, there are also changes in the albedo of snow due to growth of biological communities based on algae when nutrients are deposited on snow.

The albedo of the Earth System, including the reflectivity of clouds and of the surface is estimated to be 70 % 30 % by many experts.

For example, the global average effect of any change in albedo from using solar power would be rather small in comparison to mitigation of climate change if that solar power is used (to displace fossil fuels) for a sufficient time period (example: if a 10 % efficient PV panel with zero albedo (reflectivity for solar (SW) radiation) covered ground with an albedo of 25 — 30 %, the ratio of total increased heating to electricity generation would be similar to that of many fuel - combusting or fission - powered power plants (setting aside inverter and grid efficiency, etc., but still it would be similar).

1) The albedo of the Earth System is indeed around 30 %, but most of that is due to clouds.

Thus the linked website is wrong to assume that the 30 % albedo of the Earth System in the short - wave region equates to only about a 0.7 emissivity in the long - wave.

2) The albedo of the Earth Surface is 12 % based on absorptivity of visual and near - visual Solar radiation (what we have been calling short - wave).

It is the promotion, by whatever means necessary, of the idea that we humans are endangering all life on Earth by burning excessive quantities of fossil fuels and altering the terrain to reduce the albedo of the Surface in a way that will lead to a «tipping point» and near - term catastrophe for all of us.

Using Tim's example, white paint would have an albedo of 0.9 in the short - wave but a an emissivity of 0.9 in the long - wave (rather than only 0.1 as the linked website would conclude.

33K appears to be accurate + -10 % going by average measured temperature of the surface of the moon and the surface of the earth after taking into account difference in albedo between the two where the inaccuracy is almost soley due to lack of accuracy in determining the average albedo of the earth.

The albedo of surfaces varies with wavelength, and for some surfaces like snow the variation is quite significant.

Read more: Stanford University Aerosols Also Implicated in Glacier Melting, Changing Weather Patterns Other research examining the effects of soot on melting glaciers and changing weather pattens in South Asia has reached similar conclusions: Beyond increasing atmospheric warming, because the soot coats the surface of the snow and ice it changes the albedo of the surface, allowing it to absorb more sunlight and thereby accelerating melting.

The second correction factor is for the albedo of the Earth System, and for that I used the 77 W / m ^ 2 refleted by clouds plus the additional 30 W / m ^ 2 reflected by the Surface.

However if there were major changes in land use - perhaps driven by population diebacks, might not that produce some regional climate drivers (albedo of forest versus field, etc.)?

2) The albedo of the Earth System would be the same as it is now, around 30 %.

The albedo of ground is around 0.2.

The albedo of a snow covered world would be about 90 % and the earth would soon be so cold that it would make the -26 C degree average temperature of the moon look like sunny summer day in Miami.

Lower latitude land tempertures ARE rising, ARE above earlier normals, most likely because of the darker albedo of increased plant and tree growth across the tundras, grassland, and forests.

Do you believe that the current high albedo of Greenland is keeping temperatures more stable in the Holocene?

This triggers a positive feedback by lowering the albedo of the ocean's surface and leading to more of the Sun's light being absorbed, amplifying the warming.

I doubt that snow or ice absorbs anything like 90 per cent of incident solar energy — so throughout June and July and probably much of May and August the albedo of water is much lower lower than that of ice.

[It would be interesting to request funds to study the «albedo of sunlight at low solar angles on open ocean waters under varying cloud conditions, wave heights, and wind speeds» by studying sunsets at a convenient location, such as Key West or Oahu, for several months.

CO2 changes the albedo of the atmosphere in frequencies that are visible only to snakes and infrared imaging instruments.

I put to you that the reversal was volcanic ash and CO2 accumulating to the point where the high albedo of ice was finally overcome by a coating of dark volcanic soot and CO2 level in the 10,000 ppm range.

David Springer wrote: The greenhouse effect, by trapping infrared radiation, can lower the albedo of the earth and cause global warming.

Snow - covered surfaces have a high albedo, the surface albedo of soils ranges from high to low, and vegetation - covered surfaces and oceans have a low albedo.

However, the effect of waves depends on the wind, and the net result fro measured results for clear days very closely approximates the reflection of P polarized light from smooth water at high sun angles: the «classic» water albedo of 0.06 is a good approximation between 90 degrees and 25 degrees solar angles.