A weakness of the correlational approach used here is the degree to which this pattern of results could occur as a result of random processes such as genetic drift (fluctuations in
allele frequency due to chance; Keinan et al., 2007).
In tumor samples, where we frequently encounter variants with a very small
allele frequency due to contamination with normal tissue, copy number variation, and tumor heterogeneity, high coverage is essential for accurate detection of these variants with high power.
Not exact matches
Conversely, in both Eastern and Southwestern regions the Vgsc - 1014F
alleles were close to fixation, whilst Ace1 - 119S
allele frequency was 12 % (although
frequencies may be underestimated
due to copy number variation at both loci).
This approach is most effective if many breeds are used or if mixed breed animals are used in addition to purebreds to reduce the false positives
due to breed differences in
allele frequencies.
The relationship between
allele frequency and depression was partially mediated by individualism — collectivism, suggesting that reduced levels of depression in populations with a high proportion of social sensitivity
alleles is
due to greater collectivism.
Critically, our results further indicate that greater population
frequency of S
allele carriers is associated with decreased prevalence of anxiety and mood disorders
due to increased cultural collectivism.
Specifically, we hypothesized that increased
frequency of S
allele carriers of the 5 - HTTLPR functional polymorphism within East Asia is
due to culture — gene coevolution, whereby collectivistic cultural values serve an adaptive function, reducing the probability of environmental stress, a known catalyst of negative affect, thus leading to genetic selection of the S
allele within collectivistic cultures.