Sentences with phrase «alleles which»

The gene (RSPO2) located at the Furnishings locus, Shedding locus 2, also has high and low shedding alleles which are different than those found at Shedding Locus 1.

However, caution should be used in aggressively selecting against mutant alleles which have low penetrance or low risk for the disease state when the mutant alleles are common throughout the breed.

Tri-color Pit Bulls are not very common because the dogs must inherit proper alleles which are recessive genes.

An allele which dominates early in the game has a very high probability of completely excluding the other allele from the population.

Some mouse strains are only archived as knockout - first allele («tm1a allele»), but if users are interested in another allele which is not cryopreserved at EMMA, some EMMA nodes offer allele conversion as a service.

There is no direct test for the Wild type (think wolf pattern) allele which is designated aw.Any dog which has at least one copy of Ay (and no KB) will be fawn or sable, either with or without brindling.Any dog that is «aa» (and no KB) will be black.

Not exact matches

I have two copies of the slow metabolism allele, which means I have an efficient metabolism: My body does a good job of storing food as energy so, unlike some, I don't need to eat just before I work out in order to have enough energy to work out.

Some genes have a variety of different forms, which are located at the same position on a chromosome; an allele is such a variant form of a gene.

Individuals were classified as high risk for Alzheimer's if a DNA test identified the presence of a genetic marker — having one or both of the apolipoprotein E-epsilon 4 allele (APOE - e4 allele) on chromosome 19 — which increases the risk of developing the disease.

Specifically, they found that in warmblood horses, which are bred for equestrian sport, mares exposed to stallions with dissimilar MHC alleles were more likely to get pregnant than those exposed to MHC - similar males.

In those who inherit two APOE3 alleles, age of onset differs depending on which combination of the two 523 variants they also inherit.

Additional analysis of UK Biobank data from 112,338 people of European ancestry revealed that a specific form of rs9349379 known as the G allele, which was present in 36 % of these individuals, was associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease.

When people migrated out of Africa, their small numbers resulted in a bottleneck, in which they lost many alleles that remained in larger populations in Africa.

By contrast, women who carry a sickle - cell allele, which protects against malaria, have only about 50 percent more surviving children in malaria - infested regions than women lacking the variant.

Molecular forces, such as low mutation rates or meiotic drive — in which certain alleles have an increased likelihood of being passed from one generation to the next — influence the rate of speciation.

Genotyping of a population of 329 patients with early RA revealed just over one - quarter had the allele * 2 HS1, 2 A enhancer, and one in 10 the allele * 1 HS1, 2 A enhancer, which is comparable with previously published data.7 Patients with the allele * 2 genotype had more active disease at the start of treatment and were significantly less likely to achieve a good response and / or remission after three months treatment than those patients with the allele * 1 genotype.

While natural selection favours the accumulation of fit alleles of beneficial genes, the majority of chromosomes in many organisms are composed of «selfish DNA ``, which does not benefit its host and seems to play no other role other than ensuring its own replication.

Genetic tests revealed that all ants in a monogyne colony have two copies of the B allele, but among the polygynes, at least 10 % are heterozygous, carrying a mutant allele, b, which Krieger says appears to code for a faulty protein.

Each Pm3 allele in the four new lines displayed the same activity as in the parental line, which results in increased overall activity, since it came from two different gene variations.

We also identify variants at OCA2 that are correlated with alternative splicing; alleles associated with light pigmentation are correlated with a shorter transcript, which lacks a transmembrane domain.

In his paper, Mr Gellatly demonstrates that it is likely men carry two different types of allele, which results in three possible combinations in a gene that controls the ratio of X and Y sperm;

Their further analysis also provide evidence on the ancestral status of the Indian group, which holds great potential for introducing new alleles into the cultivated gene pool.

As a result, the H19 gene, which restricts growth, was no longer active while the Igf2 gene, which promotes cell division, was now expressed from both the paternal and the maternal allele.

4 allele, which is known to increase risk of Alzheimer's disease, influenced the link between sleep - disordered breathing and cognition.

Once transferred into the human genome, however, these alleles became subject to natural selection, which was more effective in the larger human populations and has removed these gene variants over time.

For the current study, the Stowers researchers focused on a differentially imprinted control region, which drives the reciprocal expression of H19 from the maternal allele and Igf2 (Insulin growth factor 2) from the paternal allele.

In their study, the researchers referred to the common allele as «T,» and the less common allele, which produces less BDNF protein, as «C.»

In two of these regions, the differences were attributable to alternative alleles of just one gene: teosinte glume architecture (tga1) and teosinte branched (tb1), which affect kernel structure and plant architecture.

The alleles for lactose intolerance and lactose tolerance represent time - tested genes of the human race, just the opposite of the alleles of the Finnish Disease Heritage, which are native born and recent.

Genetic recombination is the transmission - genetic process by which the combinations of alleles observed at different loci in two parental individuals become shuffled in offspring individuals.

Pickrell also reported that the frequency of the ApoE4 allele, which is associated with Alzheimer's disease, drops in older people because carriers died early.

GC - biased gene conversion correlates with recombination rate (86), and new GC alleles reach fixation more easily in species with larger population sizes, which tend to also have smaller body sizes (87).

«The effect of viral replicative capacity is just as big as, and independent from, the effect of well - studied protective HLA alleles, which influence whether someone is likely to become an «elite controller,»» says Daniel Claiborne, lead author and postdoctoral fellow.

One Nanog allele had a green reporter, while the other had a red reporter, allowing Faddah to determine which of the two alleles was being expressed.

Besides, in most cases it will not be at all obvious which gene - alleles are to be preferred — so you'll have to wade through vast numbers of magazines with articles debating the virtues of various traits.

Because previous studies had suggested that different alleles (versions) of the IL - 28B gene affect immune responses, the researchers determined which alleles the transplant recipients carried.

The woman's unborn child inherits one allele from its mother and one from its father, which gives it a 25 percent chance of getting two healthy alleles; a 50 percent chance of one faulty allele and one healthy; and a 25 percent chance of getting two mutated alleles that together would cause it to develop beta - thalassaemia, a potentially fatal blood disorder caused by low oxygen uptake.

If a mother has two different versions, or alleles, of a gene, conventional genetic testing can't work out which allele she passed on to her child, because her blood contains both.

«Often this means making crosses with somewhat distant individuals, which may carry unfavorable alleles at many positions in the genome.

By pinpointing which regions of the barley genome are resistant to recombination, breeders will be able to make better informed decisions about which favorable alleles to pursue, and to plan more efficiently.»

Their work, which is published in Nature Ecology and Evolution, shows for the first time the existence in Leishmania of a relation between changes in chromosome copy number and the selection of new alleles important for parasite survival.

In the dataset, which the research team under the direction of Hasselmann collected from all over the world and examined, there were, however, 53 csd alleles found in localities (in Kenya), and worldwide at least csd 87 alleles.

Researchers were specifically hunting for the mRNA created from the two alleles (copies) of the gene DRD2, which codes for a receptor protein for the neurotransmitter dopamine.

The incidence of different traits, or alleles, in a population is driven by natural selection and genetic drift, which can randomly reduce genetic variation.

In the experiments with F66 transgenic mice, a consistent finding was that muscle weights were higher in animals of the same genotype if they arose from crosses in which the mother had fewer functional Mstn alleles (Table 1).

Therefore, applications that require simultaneous modification of all alleles of a gene, or which require modifying multiple genes simultaneously in the same cell, are more appropriate for a CRISPR - based approach.

The A allele has an additional BsrI site, which generated 3 fragments: 61 bp, 140 bp, and 145 bp.

To identify common functional variants, the authors used an allelic transmission disequilibrium test (TDT), which determines if an allele is transmitted more (or less) than we'd expect by chance.

I do like that the authors performed RNA - Seq of the transcriptome, which provides insights into mechanisms like alternative splicing (AS), allele - specific expression (ASE), and RNA editing.

Phenotype data from 449 mutant alleles were acquired, representing 320 unique genes, of which half had no previous functional annotation and data from over 27,000 mice were captured, finding that 83 % of the mutant lines are phenodeviant, with 65 % demonstrating pleiotropy.