Sentences with phrase «alleles with»

While this calling method will inevitably miss variants in low coverage individuals, the relative numbers of shared alleles with different populations is unbiased.

Common risk alleles with a known association with a condition can inform an individual of an increased or decreased risk of developing the condition in question; however, the degree of certainty is often unknown.

However, prevailing GWA data analysis methods are focusing on the association of individual SNP alleles with a complex disease, although multiple alleles are involved by definition.

To test their reasoning they conducted a second experiment by crossing mice carrying the prostate - specific IGF - 1R knockout alleles with transgenic mice that develop spontaneous prostate cancer when p53 and select other genes are compromised.

As expected, European dogs share more derived alleles with the ancient dogs than Indian village dogs, with ratios of 1.186 — 1.217 for HXH and 1.195 — 1.231 for NGD (Supplementary Table 17).

Following re-design of the R5 - ZFNs to account for sequence differences between the human and macaque alleles, we found that ZFNs could disrupt both alleles with reasonable efficiency in macaque CD4 + T cells.

To test the potential of a homozygous lethal «null» allele to nevertheless contribute to organismal phenotype, we combined an Xpd † XPCS allele with a viable XpdTTD allele by crossing the corresponding heterozygous animals.

We generated an Xpd knock - in allele with a point mutation encoding a single amino acid change (XPDG602D) found in the XPCS patient XPCS2 (Figure 1A — 1C).

In compound heterozygous mice, both homozygous lethal Xpd † XPCS and Xpd † XP alleles were able to alleviate XpdTTD - specific cutaneous and anaemic features and can thus be defined as dominant over the XpdTTD allele with respect to these phenotypes.

A 50 % reduction in HDAC4 restored these and other electrophysiological changes in both the R6 / 2 model, a transgenic over-expresser of Exon 1 HTT with an expanded polyglutamine repeat, and heterozygous Q175 knock - in mice (Q175 + / --RRB-, which carry one normal and one mutant HTT allele with an expanded repeat of ~ 190 polyglutamines, in addition to reversing behavioral alterations in R6 / 2 mice (Mielcarek et al, 2013; PLOS Biology, in press).

The impact of a common risk allele with disease risk is often modest, as is its impact on clinical care.

The association of an allele with disease is a measure of statistical, not clinical significance.

Then, using the CRISPR / Cas9 endonuclease system and a guide RNA targeting the region containing the SCD mutation, the group successfully corrected one mutated HBB allele with no undesired insertions of the donor vector seen elsewhere in the genome.

For example, in collaboration with Dr. Leigh Anne Clark's group at the Clemson University in South Carolina we have identified an association of a specific DLA class I allele with pancreatic acinar atrophy in the German Shepherd Dog.

Six of 33 loci had an allele with frequency > 70 %, and allele 202 at locus REN162C04 was homozygous in 101/102 dogs studied.

Association of the 480bp DAT1 allele with methylphenidate response in a sample of irish children with ADHD

Not exact matches

For example, population processes associated with colonization, periods of geographic isolation, socially reinforced endogamy, and natural selection all have affected allele frequencies in certain populations (Jorde et al. 2000b; Bamshad and Wooding 2003).

I would note, the simulation with the lowest population of n = 20 shows a 70 % allele fixation rate.

So in the cited reference, even though we start with 4 alleles, we know that for many, many genes, 3/4 would be lost, forever, after a few generations.

If a deleterious recessive allele becomes fixed, every subsequent generation will have that allele and only that allele to contend with.

The same is true with alleles.

Feel free to take your time with genetic drift and allele fixation.

Until recently, half of the human race died from infectious causes before adulthood, providing strong selective pressure for genetic alleles that enhance host defence but why are the genetic alleles that are most frequently associated with depression so common in the modern gene pool?

«With the successful introgression of a functional epigenetic allele into elite indica rice genomes, we are redefining best practices in applying genomics tools to increase the yield potential of rice.»

It's more likely tens or hundreds of genes with many, many alleles and many outcomes.

For their experiments, the researchers created hybrids of two genetically distinct mouse strains with a fully sequenced genome, allowing gene variants to be clearly assigned to the maternal or paternal allele.

Using Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus), the researchers examined whether mitochondrial - nuclear interactions alter the frequency of alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation, called alleles, for over 11,000 nuclear DNA sequence variations within a population of the fish with mixed ancestry.

Among individuals with two divergent mitochondrial haplotypes (mt - haplotypes), the genome - wide analyses revealed significant differences in nuclear allele frequencies.

Inherited Neanderthal genes come in alleles that help fight off nasty viruses such as Epstein - Barr — associated with several kinds of cancer, says Stanford University immunologist Laurent Abi - Rached.

Specifically, they found that in warmblood horses, which are bred for equestrian sport, mares exposed to stallions with dissimilar MHC alleles were more likely to get pregnant than those exposed to MHC - similar males.

They also note that there are alleles «consistent» with those known to call for brown hair and brown eyes.

Within three weeks, they had collected the data that would fuel a series of landmark papers showing that the APOE4 allele is associated with a greatly increased risk of Alzheimer's disease.

Additional analysis of UK Biobank data from 112,338 people of European ancestry revealed that a specific form of rs9349379 known as the G allele, which was present in 36 % of these individuals, was associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease.

In patients with anorexia nervosa, the study indicates that the increase in sweating experienced when viewing images of thin bodies is explained by the presence of a specific form (allele) of the gene in question.

His group has found, for example, that APOE3 — by far the most common APOE allele in humans — is usually inherited either with a short or a very long 523 tract.

Later, the Neandertals reintroduced these alleles — along with distinct Neandertal genes — to the ancestors of Eurasians, Capra says.

«Interbreeding with Neandertals provided an opportunity to get back some of those variants, albeit with many potentially weakly deleterious Neandertal alleles as well.»

Several variants, such as the HLA B * 5701 allele, have been associated with the pace of HIV disease progression in both controllers and «normals.»

But the team found a stronger correlation between the allele and urbanisation than with the onset of cattle farming.

«SNPs usually have two alleles: minor (with population frequency < 50 %) and major (with population frequency > 50 %),» said Gorlov, first author of the paper.

Reviewing thousands of genome wide associate studies (GWAS) to identify genetic variants in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), investigators at Dartmouth's Norris Cotton Cancer Center found that some alleles (one of a pair of genes located on a specific chromosome) are more frequently risk - associated with disease than protective.

«With respect to disease, alleles can be categorized into being risk or protective ones.

Again, the increased activity in these areas was associated with the number of copies of the A allele carried by individuals — people with two copies showed a larger increase in activity than those with just one.

The team looked for patterns associated with two COLIA1 alleles, called S and s. Women who had one copy of the s allele had bone density in the thighbone and lower spine that was 2 % less than that of women with no s alleles.

Those carrying two copies of the other variant — the G allele — remembered the least, with the performance of those carrying one copy of each variant lying somewhere in the middle.

Malaria, on the other hand, ebbs and flows over time, so the physiological benefits associated with the sickle - cell allele may be tempered.

The brain scans also showed that the A allele was associated with increased activity in the lateral and medial prefrontal cortex, regions that belong to a network involved in the encoding of emotional memories.

Women with two copies of s fared even worse: They had bones that were 4 % less dense — and faced a 280 % higher risk of fracture — than did women without any s alleles, says team member Andre Uitterlinden, a molecular geneticist at Erasmus University in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

The study found that among those at low risk for depression, the «S» (short) allele is associated with a thinner cortex than those with the «L» (long) allele.

Those individuals with the fittest combination of alleles produce more offspring.