Initially, it was only able to do so through a one - way voluntary acceptance of EU ETS allowances to meet its own trading system's obligations, but joined fully in 2008, once the European Commission had accepted its proposals for a cap and
allocation of allowances.
Free
allocation of allowances can help compensate newly regulated sources for the cost of complying with the new regulations and may help reduce the risk for generators.
The environmental benefit of the first phase may be limited due to excessive
allocation of allowances in some Member States and some sectors, due mainly to a reliance on emission projections before verified emissions data became available under the EU ETS.
The Blueprint identifies principles to guide the fair and equitable
allocation of allowance value to mitigate costs to consumers and impacted sectors of the economy.
Not exact matches
Explaining that the funds available to the state, for now, were enough to pay the backlog
of salaries and other
allowances, Olatunbosun added that the Paris Club figure
of N9.6 bn was intact apart from the regular monthly
allocation of N1.9 bn after deductions.
«SERAP therefore urges you to use your good offices and leadership position to instruct the appropriate authorities to release budgetary
allocations to ensure the immediate payment
of all outstanding salaries and
allowances of judges and judicial workers.
FOR THE ATTENTION
OF GARBAge SHEHU «No
allowance for officials on foreign medical treatment, and there is no provision for foreign exchange
allocation for students and those seeking medical treatment overseas» — Buhari, (Punch 27th April 2016.)
«Immediately he receives federal
allocation, instead
of paying salary
of workers and pensioners»
allowances, Fayose will be going from town to town to deceive the hapless artisans at the grassroots that the money he received was not up to the amount announced and published.
If the Presidency does not review these «bogus»
allocations in its proposed expenditure, it may lose the moral right to advise the National Assembly against spending some billions
of naira on purchasing cars for its members despite the fact that the legislators have already collected their car
allowances plus other sundry emoluments.
«The sum
of N13.5 m shared by the Senate President and other senators monthly is neither part
of their salaries and
allowances as approved for them by the Revenue Mobilisation
Allocation and Fiscal Commission nor contained in the Appropriations Act.
The pan-northern socio - political organisation, through its National Publicity Secretary, Muhammadu Ibrahim, argued that the bloated
allowances of public officers, which he said accounted for 40 per cent
of the national budget, should be converted to capital
allocation to boost the economy.
The
allowances were allegedly paid outside the approved Remuneration Package for Political, Public and Judicial Office Holders by the Revenue Mobilisation
Allocation and Fiscal Commission (RMAFC) and the extant Revised Financial Regulations
of the Federal Government
of Nigeria, 2009.
The National Commission on Energy Policy's report presents an overview
of major issues — such as
allowance allocations, offsets, trade and costs — that will be followed in the coming weeks by the group's detailed recommendations and proposals.
Before we proceed, it's also worth noting here that preferred shares, which offer a hybrid
of equity and fixed - income features, should never be considered part
of your fixed - income
allocation without making
allowances for their specialized risks.
But with an appropriate asset
allocation and this rate
of spending, the Jeffersons would have a good chance most years to enjoy an increase in their spending
allowance greater than inflation as their assets appreciated.
(2) earmarking the
allocation of specified percentages
of allowances, which presumably could be sold in order to create a pool
of funding to support particular programs.
Establishing industrial energy efficiency program funding at 0.25 %
of emissions
allowances until 2030; and the establishment
of a Revolving Loan Fund with 1/3
of the Energy - Intensive, Trade - Exposed Industries (EITE)
allocations.
Furthermore, companies failing to surrender enough
allowances to match their emissions will be deducted twice the amount
of allowances from the following year's
allocation and are fined CNY 50,000 (USD 7,398).
Twice the amount
of the missing
allowances can be withdrawn from the account
of the company or deducted from next year's
allocation.
Furthermore, companies that fail to surrender enough
allowances to match their emissions will be deducted twice the amount
of allowances from next year's
allocation and are fined one to three times the average market price for every
allowance, with a maximum limit
of CNY 150,000 (USD 22,195).
The adopted rules provide that to the extent feasible,
allocations are to be based on so - called benchmarks, e.g. a number
of allowances per quantity
of historical output.
The fairness
of the system has been substantially increased by the move towards EU - wide free
allocation rules for industrial installations and by the introduction
of a redistribution mechanism that entitles new Member States to auction more
allowances.
Kerry uses the boost to raise the number
of allowance auctions, simplify the
allocation process, reduce the number
of offsets, and implement tighter restrictions on carbon trading and offsets.
While the great majority
of allowances has been allocated free
of charge to installations in the first and second trading periods, the Commission proposed that auctioning
of allowances should become the basic principle for
allocation.
The basic premise
of cap and trade is that each year a certain amount
of allowances, or permits to pollute, are made available by a mix
of free
allocation and quarterly auctions.
Subtitle B: Disposition
of Allowances -(Sec. 321) Amends the CAA to set forth provisions governing the disposition of emission allowances, including specifying allocations: (1) for supplemental emissions reductions from reduced deforestation; (2) for the benefit of electricity, natural gas, and / or home heating oil and propane consumers; (3) for auction, with proceeds for the benefit of low income consumers and worker investment; (4) to energy - intensive, trade - exposed industries; (5) for the deployment of carbon capture and sequestration technology; (6) to invest in energy efficiency and renewable energy; (7) to be distributed to Energy Innovation Hubs and advanced energy research; (8) to invest in the development and deployment of clean vehicles; (9) to domestic petroleum refineries and small business refiners; (10) for domestic and international adaptation; (11) for domestic wildlife and natural resource adaptation; and (12) for international clean technology d
Allowances -(Sec. 321) Amends the CAA to set forth provisions governing the disposition
of emission
allowances, including specifying allocations: (1) for supplemental emissions reductions from reduced deforestation; (2) for the benefit of electricity, natural gas, and / or home heating oil and propane consumers; (3) for auction, with proceeds for the benefit of low income consumers and worker investment; (4) to energy - intensive, trade - exposed industries; (5) for the deployment of carbon capture and sequestration technology; (6) to invest in energy efficiency and renewable energy; (7) to be distributed to Energy Innovation Hubs and advanced energy research; (8) to invest in the development and deployment of clean vehicles; (9) to domestic petroleum refineries and small business refiners; (10) for domestic and international adaptation; (11) for domestic wildlife and natural resource adaptation; and (12) for international clean technology d
allowances, including specifying
allocations: (1) for supplemental emissions reductions from reduced deforestation; (2) for the benefit
of electricity, natural gas, and / or home heating oil and propane consumers; (3) for auction, with proceeds for the benefit
of low income consumers and worker investment; (4) to energy - intensive, trade - exposed industries; (5) for the deployment
of carbon capture and sequestration technology; (6) to invest in energy efficiency and renewable energy; (7) to be distributed to Energy Innovation Hubs and advanced energy research; (8) to invest in the development and deployment
of clean vehicles; (9) to domestic petroleum refineries and small business refiners; (10) for domestic and international adaptation; (11) for domestic wildlife and natural resource adaptation; and (12) for international clean technology deployment.
Provides for the
allocation and enforcement
of allowances.
EPA is seeking comment on whether the model rule and proposed federal plan should include auctioning
of some or all
allowances, rather than free
allocation, despite these requirements.)
EPA has designed its model mass - based trading program to use a free -
allocation method
of distributing
allowances.
Cong, Rong - Gang and Wei, Yi - Ming (2010): Potential impact
of (CET) carbon emissions trading on China's power sector: A perspective from different
allowance allocation options.
How does an
allocation to each sovereign jurisdiction
of a global 500 Gtonne emissions
allowance based on an equal per capita sharing using 1990 populations compare with the implicit expected
allocation resulting from the global emissions charge schedule mentioned in the last question?
Europe's heavy industries fear the European Commission's post-2020 ETS reform proposal will bring increasing costs for them, as it cuts their free
allocation of CO2
allowances by a quarter while potentially trebling the market price
of any additional units they will need to buy.
If the
allowances that entities are allocated by the government are not sufficient to assure that the entity's emissions are no greater than its fair share
of safe global emissions, an argument can be made that their individual
allocation is unjust.
The trend will not improve if over-
allocation of emission
allowances through weak National
Allocation Plans seen in the period 2005 - 2007 continues.
But according to drafts available, the emissions data
of 2005 were hardly taken into account in countries like Poland, Ireland, Flanders in Belgium, Estonia, Lithuania, Slovakia and Czech Republic, which are planning to increase the
allocation of emission
allowances..
Burtraw, D., K. Palmer, R. Bharvirkar, and A. Paul, 2002: The effect on asset values
of the
allocation of carbon dioxide emission
allowances.
Neuhoff, K., K. Keats, and M. Sata, 2006:
Allocation and incentives: Impacts
of CO2 emission
allowance allocations to the electricity sector.
Burtraw, D., K. Palmer, A. Paul, R. Bharvirkar, 2001b: The effect
of allowance allocation on the cost
of carbon emissions trading.
The percentage
allocations for «energy - intensive, trade - exposed» (EITE) industries are almost the same as the House - passed Waxman - Markey bill, except the Senate bill allocates slightly more
allowances in the early years (4 % instead
of 2 % in 2012 and 2013).
Harrison, D. and D. Radov, 2002: Evaluation
of alternative initial
allocation mechanisms in a European Union greenhouse gas emissions
allowance trading scheme.
Much more importantly, about 20 %
of lifetime
allowances are set aside for other purposes
before the rest
of the
allocations are divvied up.
Ahman, M., D. Burtraw, J. Kruger, and L. Zetterberg, 2006: A ten year rule to guide the
allocation of EU emission
allowances.
Nonetheless, a substantial share
of allowances is still distributed through free
allocation, with policy justifications including protection for trade - exposed industries and prevention
of economic activity leakage outside
of the European Union.
A key change is the expanding role for auctions, which account for about half
of the
allowance allocation now and will be a growing share going forward.
The compliance period emissions and
allowance allocations can also be used to estimate the size
of the
allowance bank.
Had the program been implemented as a fixed - price sale
of allowances at the original price expectation level — with revenue allocated according the same formula that was adopted for
allowance allocation — the program would have been no less politically viable and the regulatory incentive might have motivated widespread deployment
of the best available control technologies, resulting in up to 20,000 fewer premature deaths annually.
In order to check my numbers I included the annual 2015, 2016 and 2017 columns with the annual emissions
allocations, emissions and 50 %
of the emissions surrender values to calculate the number
of allowances in circulation on 12/31/2017.
In order to get the current number
of compliance purpose
allowances we have to use that information and the 2018
allocation data as shown in Table 4 2018 CO2 Allowance A
allocation data as shown in Table 4 2018 CO2 Allowance
AllocationAllocation.
But any
allowance allocation formula — including free
allocation — can be applied equally well to the
allocation of tax revenue.
[W] e find that carbon pricing by itself (ignoring the return
of carbon revenues through
allowance allocations) is proportional to modestly progressive.