The history of religions deals with materials handled
also by philosophy of religion, psychology, sociology, anthropology, history and theology.
Not exact matches
Peikoff
also helpfully answers the burning pop - culture question: If the movie E.T. is anti-adult and anti-science — as,
by objectivist
philosophy, it clearly is — does that make it inherently evil and irrational?
His investment
philosophies, introduced almost forty years ago, are not only studied and applied
by today's financiers and investors, but are
also regarded
by many as gospel.
There are many successful and admired companies who
also follow the «pickle principle» in their mission statement and business
philosophy, and lead
by example.
But the best mission statements are
also business
philosophies that dictate their values and beliefs, and the best companies truly live
by them.
Originalists such as Gorsuch
also apply their
philosophy to resolve disagreements over laws crafted
by Congress or state legislatures, focusing on the text and intention of the lawmakers.
He
also outlined Amazon's
philosophy on advertising, saying Amazon wants to find ways to make ad better for customers
by showing them new products, and helping new and emerging brands reach new customers.
According to The New Encyclopædia Britannica, the one called St.Augustine's «mind was the crucible in which the religion of the New Testament was most completely fused with the Platonic tradition of Greek
philosophy; and it was
also the means
by which the product of this fusion was transmitted to the Christendoms of medieval Roman Catholicism and Renaissance Protestantism.»
If
by God is meant the Ground of Being, the Essence of Being, the Absolute, the Weltgeist, and all similar expressions, the reply is still No, for according to Schweitzer such terms «denote nothing actual, but something conceived in abstractions which for that reason is
also absolutely meaningless» (The
Philosophy of Civilization [Macmillan, 1949], p. 304).
The scientific creationists
also give further aid and comfort to the
philosophies they so vehemently protest
by proposing to offer instead a «scientific» interpretation of creation.
A slightly different English language version has been published in a Belgian journal.14 There is some overlap
also with a lecture delivered at the Institute for
Philosophy and Religion at Boston University and to be published
by it.
Although biographically Kierkegaard's choice of a negative dialectic was hardened
by his second conversion or «metamorphosis,» a conversion which led to his resolve to attack the established church, and hence to abandon
philosophy, it is
also true that he could limit faith to a negative dialectical movement because he could identify faith and «subjectivity.»
Soskice, Hogan and Coakley, together with Grace Jantzen in Manchester and Pamela Sue Anderson in Newcastle,
also tend to be more impressed
by French feminist
philosophy than
by American feminist theology.
In redefining marriage and the family, the state not only embarks on an unprecedented expansion of its powers into realms heretofore considered prior to or outside its reach, and not only does it usurp functions and prerogatives once performed
by intermediary associations within civil society, it
also exercises these powers
by tacitly redefining what the human being is and committing the nation to a decidedly post-Christian (and ultimately post-human) anthropology and
philosophy of nature.
Nevertheless, its original formulation was profoundly influenced
also by Aristotelian
philosophy and took over much of what Aristotle had said about a self - sufficient prime mover.
The biblical interpretation stands, above all, under the archetype of the covenant, but it is
also consonant with the classical theory of natural law as derived from ancient
philosophy and handed down
by the church fathers.
Take any traditional objection to accepting the old Platonic analogy of God as the World Soul and it can be shown that the objection stands or falls with aspects of a tradition which
philosophy has been moving away from since the middle ages — for instance ideas of sheer infinity, sheer immutability,
also what is usually meant
by omnipotence.
Without ignoring the very great differences that exist between the Aristotelian substance
philosophy and the Whiteheadian process
philosophy, it still must be affirmed that for the Greek
also perception is truly a case of immanence of individual things, not a case of «individual substance qualified
by universal quality» and not, absolutely not, a case of «subject qualified
by predicate» (cf., e.g., PR 240 - 42).
This idea had
also found it's way into Judaism through pagan
philosophy as well
by the time of Christ.
These new entries
also appear with annotations in Alfred North Whitehead: A Primary - Secondary Bibliography, edited
by Barry A. Woodbridge (Bowling Green, Ohio:
Philosophy Documentation Center, 1977).
It is assumed that the soul
by its nature is eternal, which was
also the view of the third century Christian thinker Origen (c. 185 - c. 254) although in Advaita
philosophy from the standpoint of realization the individual soul is not other than the Universal Soul.
Buber's
philosophy of dialogue not only finds the narrow ridge between the subjectivist identification and the objectivist sundering of the «is» and the «ought,» but it
also radically shifts the whole ground of ethical discussion
by moving from the universal to the concrete and from the past to the present — in other words, from I - It to I - Thou.
(Martin Buber, Eclipse of God, Studies in the Relation between Religion and
Philosophy [New York: Harper & Brothers, 1952], «Religion and
Philosophy,» translated
by Maurice S. Friedman, p. 58 f., «Religion and Modern Thought,»
also my translation, p. 91 f.) Hence here too entering into relation precedes the elaboration of distance, I - Thou precedes I - It.
2The phrase «the ethics of words» is utilized
by Sidney Hook in his essay «The Atheism of Paul Tillich» in Religious Experience and truth, edited
by Sidney Hook (New York: New York University Press, 1961), p. 59, and
also by Corliss Lamont in The
Philosophy of Humanism (New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1967), p. 143, to discredit redefinitions of God.
The
philosophy behind the religion clause derived from the Madisonian - Jeffersonian Virginian resolution, copied
also by North Carolina:
The topic is
also discussed in essays
by J. Harry Cotton («The Meaning of «God» in Whitehead's
Philosophy») and Clark M. Williamson («A Response to Professor Cotton») in Encounter, 29, 2 (Spring 1968), 125 - 140 and 141 - 148, respectively.
This view is
also favored
by D. Emmett, Whitehead's
Philosophy of Organism, p. xxxiii.
Also see an excellent article
by Randolph Feezell, «Potentiality, Death, and Abortion,» Southern Journal of
Philosophy 25 (1987), 39 - 48.
Then there is wisdom, human wisdom, man's intelligent ordering of his life, the serious employment of right reason, the attempt to find the proper way of life, the whole enterprise that takes form in political action and personal morality, in social work and poetry, in economic management and the building of temples, in the constant improvement of justice
by changing laws, in
philosophy and technology, the manifold wisdom of man which is
also inscribed in the wisdom of God and which may be an expression of this wisdom, the first of all God's works that rejoiced before him when he laid the foundations of the world (Proverbs 8:22 ff.).
Theologians influenced
by positivism, whose adherents saw reality as strictly that which can be experienced through the senses and knowledge as that which can be obtained through a narrow definition of the scientific method, and linguistic analysis, which purported that the only proper function of
philosophy is the study of the usage of words and sentences,
also treated science and religion as separate realms, distinct «language games,» each with its own set of rules.
The spate of bad books on
philosophy and religion
by prominent scientists — Dawkins» The God Delusion, Hawking and Mlodinow's The Grand Design, and Atkins» On Being, among others — is notable not only for the sophomoric philosophical and theological errors they contain but
also for their sheer repetitiveness.
By confronting the spontaneous religious constructions with the results of natural science,
philosophy can
also eliminate doctrines that are now known to be scientifically absurd or incongruous.
I am convinced that if such programmes are augmented
by the vision presented
by the Theology of the Body such as that put forward in «Called to Love»
by Carl Anderson and Father Jose Granados, then Catholic children will not only be better able to resist the false attractions of the Culture of Death and the nihilistic
philosophies of modern youth culture, they will
also go on to live more complete and happier lives.
We are
also fortunate to have two recent volumes of his selected articles published
by Cambridge University Press: The Tasks of
Philosophy and Ethics and Politics.
There are, in the history of
philosophy, continually renewed controversies between those who, where the theory of knowledge is concerned, are commonly called realists, and those who are sometimes called idealists, but
also constructivists, between those for whom truth resides in the end in correspondence between proposition and fact, and those for whom it is something brought into being
by more or less autonomous understanding.
There one
also finds Whitehead's comments on Principia Mathematica, which should be compared with the no less interesting remarks
by Bertrand Russell on Whitehead's labors in the
philosophy of nature («Logical Atoniism,» in Logical Positivism [ed.
Moreover, the report on cloning
by the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC)- prepared in response to a request from President Clinton - gave considerable attention not only to law and
philosophy but
also to religion.
See
also We Shall Re-build
by George MacLeod [American edition published
by Kirkridge, 808 Witherspoon Building, Philadelphia, Pa.] for a description of the
philosophy and work of the Iona Community.)
It is
also true with the process view that an entity's nature is determined primarily
by its relation to other entities; indeed, the whole of Hartshorne's
philosophy turns on the concept of reality as a social process.
Whitehead's «method of extensive abstraction» is used not only in his early writings in the
philosophy of natural science but
also in his later, more metaphysical, writings to abstract from the complexity of the relations which comprise the datum of sense - perception and to isolate
by a conceptual analysis those relations which express a uniform metric structure, that is, to «exhibit» a basis of uniformity in nature.21 It is the sense in which this uniformity is «required» that is the crucial point for further investigation.
It requires
also that one resign oneself to an ultimate irrationalism: For the one reality that naturalism can never logically encompass is the very existence of nature (nature being,
by definition, that which already exists); it is a
philosophy, therefore, surrounded, permeated, and exceeded
by a truth that is always already super naturam, and yet a
philosophy that one can not seriously entertain except
by scrupulously refusing to recognize this.
On a more metaphysically fundamental level, Whitehead's «
philosophy of organism
also regards knowing as a special case of the «bipolar» nature of all becoming, whereby the direct «physical» response to objective reality is partially transformed
by «mental» functioning in the realization of a novel subjective experience.
In this section, I have been concerned to show that the genetic approach is not only contradicted
by all relevant external evidence, but
also employs an extremely dangerous interpretative strategy: dangerous to the piecemeal investigation of Whiteheadian doctrines; dangerous to the mind - set with which new interpretations of Whitehead's
philosophy should be received and evaluated and dangerous because of the inherent circularity of its reasoning, to the integrity and validity of any compositional analysis conducted under the umbrella of its assumptions.
It can
also be read with profit
by clergymen seeking to know what this «new» option in theology has to offer, or
by anyone interested in what happens to a
philosophy when it is used
by theologians and intimately related to Christian thought.
«40 In short, the same themes that allow Whitehead to overcome the Kantian split between noumena and phenomena (and this
by itself is one of the greatest achievements of twentieth century
philosophy)
also tend to support — or at least to allow — the self - centered aspects of the Cartesian ego.
My Whiteheadian interpretation has
also been influenced
by the
philosophy and theology of Karl Rahner.
The tendency of
philosophy to migrate from the
philosophy faculties into social science, cultural studies, gender studies and elsewhere has
also been evident in Britain, and in several universities narrowly focused
philosophy departments are supplemented
by a more diverse philosophical diet in theology and religious studies.
Hindu, Secular and Christian who have contributed to the Christianization / Humanization of Indian religion, ideology and
philosophy in the light of the Crucified Christ, but
also the local Christian congregations which in their worship and sacramental life, demonstrated a pattern of corporate life of fellowship, transcending traditional caste division impelled
by their new sense of being made brethren through the death of Christ on the Cross.
To the already impressive catalogue of their primacy we must add that the Hebrews were
also the first to develop a
philosophy of history; and when at length this area of speculation was taken up seriously
by Western thinkers, it was in direct succession to and dependence upon Biblical accomplishments.
There was
also the beginning of natural
philosophy, and some study of nature largely as categorised
by Aristotle.