Sentences with phrase «also modelled scenarios»

The mapping exercise, using geographical information systems, also modelled scenarios to describe optimal service locations, based on population spread and average travel times to services.

Not exact matches

It modeled the implications for the company of a requirement for emissions to decline to levels consistent with a so - called «2 °C world» after 2030 and also looked at a number of alternative scenarios based on divergent ranges in global growth and trade, geopolitics, technological innovation and responses to climate change.

In all scenarios, the model also simulates that over time, China's famously high savings rate will decline, as has been observed in many developing economies.

Researchers also used this optimization modeling approach under multimodal competition to evaluate multiple scenarios involving entry of high speed rail into new markets, taking into account the possibility of demand stimulation as a result of the new services.

The modeling also highlights that, under this scenario, developing nations will produce a big portion of global annual emissions in the future.

«Regional changes are mostly due to natural variability but on top of that we see this pronounced overall weakening in summer storm activity,» says co-author Dim Coumou, «This is also something projected by climate models under future emission scenarios.

Also, the new mortality estimates, while dramatically higher than the approximately 150,000 annual deaths attributed to climate change stress in WHO's last assessment in 2004, are not directly comparable to earlier studies, which relied on different models and different underlying scenarios.

«The burned simulations are based on three different climate and wildfire scenarios, and we also used three different erosion models,» said Sankey.

Greenblatt and co-author Samveg Saxena at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory developed a model that is essentially a «best - case scenario,» where the cars are not just driverless but also run on electricity.

With four colleagues, Dobson co-authored a new paper, published last week in the journal PLoS One, based on a detailed computer model examining how a worst - case road - development scenario might affect the Serengeti's most iconic migratory grazer, the wildebeest (also known as the gnu).

Fulé also researches causes of mega fires, and creates models of future fire regimes and different scenarios for managing fires.

We have also given the model different positions to adapt it to the morphology of the scenarios.»

The scientists also modeled two other scenarios for the Iberian lynx, both based on a future prospect for releasing individuals from breeding programs into wild areas.

They also used data on precipitation in Colombia from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to model changes under different temperature and precipitation scenarios.

We also compare our results with the predictions of state - of - the - art population synthesis models based on the gravitational instability (GI) formation scenario by Forgan & Rice (2013), with and without scattering.

While the magnitude of the hit to farmer income in these scenarios surprised Meehan, the modeling also revealed some unexpected good news.

Models can also act out different scenarios to help in making the eLearning course more understandable and interesting.

The tablet device also conforms to the iMedEd Initiative that aims to replace the usual lecturer - passive listener model and instead, have in its place a scenario where the students will have all that they need to succeed at their fingertips.

It has also be intriguing to see a videogame DLC model being introduced in the form of new downloadable scenarios alongside more traditional physical packs that add more monsters and tiles.

For global warming scenarios, additional forcing comes into play: surface warming and enhanced high - latitude precipitation, which will also reduce density of northern surface waters (an effect which alone has shut down deep water formation in some model experiments, e.g. Manabe and Stouffer 1993, 1994).

Alongside hypothetical scenarios, a set of scenarios should also include all available and scientifically justifiable models (e.g. Ranger and Niehörster, 2012).

RE # 24, I've also brought up the need to consider social science «forcings,» but the CC models do sort of account for them by including a range of emission scenarios:

Though the study's authors concede the study is limited by the «availability of data and the necessity to make assumptions to model likely scenarios,» they carried out sensitivity analysis to assess the resuts, and also found that in all scenarios tested there was a net benefit (i.e. increased longevity) for Bicing users.

The analysis also follows the advice in the IPCC Good - Practice - Guidance - Paper on using climate model results: the local climate change scenarios should be based on (i) historical change, (ii) process change (e.g. changes in the driving circulation), (iii) global climate change projected by GCMs, and (iv) downscaled projected change.

Also referred to as synthetic scenarios (IPCC, 1994), they are commonly applied to study the sensitivity of an exposure unit to a wide range of variations in climate, often according to a qualitative interpretation of projections of future regional climate from climate model simulations (guided sensitivity analysis, see IPCC - TGCIA, 1999).

«We also need to investigate the altitude and seasonal dependence of the changes, and to analyse different climate models and warming scenarios to quantify the uncertainties.»

Unfortunately, the figure also confirms that the spatial resolution of theoutput from the GCMs used in the Mediterranean study is too coarse for constructing detailed regional scenarios.To develop more detailed regional scenarios, modelers can combine the GCM results with output from statistical models.3 This is done by constructing a statistical model to explain the observed temperature or precipitation at a meteorological station in terms of a range of regionally - averaged climate variables.

Regulators are also doing more thinking, with the FSB taskforce currently reviewing how emissions scenarios may be used to stress test the business models of companies.

If the uncertainties in the models are large enough to make the A and B scenarios still unfalsified then the C scenario is also unfalsified.

2: Our Changing Climate, Key Message 5).2 Regional climate models (RCMs) using the same emissions scenario also project increased spring precipitation (9 % in 2041 - 2062 relative to 1979 - 2000) and decreased summer precipitation (by an average of about 8 % in 2041 - 2062 relative to 1979 - 2000) particularly in the southern portions of the Midwest.12 Increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation are projected across the entire region in both GCM and RCM simulations (Figure 18.6), and these increases are generally larger than the projected changes in average precipitation.12, 2

Also, were you to speak without your scientific cap on, how much trust do you have in this type of model to predict mean surface temperature for the next five or ten decades (given an emission scenario following Hoffman).

The strategy could also result in an extra 500,000 jobs per year compared to a scenario in which we do not make an effort to curb emissions, according to the modeling.

But we also do not give scenarios for a 10, or even 5 degrees warming in 2050, because also this is not supported by our understanding of the climate system response, and thus also not by the climate model integrations.

The models and forecasts of the IPCC «is incorrect because only are based on mathematical models and presented results at scenarios that do not include, for example, solar activity,» said the specialist also in image processing and signs and prevention of natural disasters.

Nature also published a supporting companion article by the late Dr. Stephen Schneider, who used a global climate model to create a futuristic scenario that if CO2 doubled it «could» raise the clouds and «perhaps» cause a harmful drying effect.

It also advised firms to model a range of scenarios, detailing how variations in the pace of decarbonization could affect business operations and asset valuations.

The costs of such scenarios are also significant, but according to most models, the savings in energy costs typically more than exceed the investment costs.

While these ideas have obvious applications to climate change and national security, I think Danzig's ideas also have broad applicability to climate change: how we view climate model predictions, the inadequacy of our scenarios, and the failure to factor in the possibility of genuine surprises, or Dragon Kings.

The issue (# 4) of user - defined thresholds is also very important, and addressing issues related to such thresholds (with historical and paleo data and models to create scenarios whereby critical thresholds might be exceeded) can actually be more straightforward than most of what is currently being provided by climate scientists.

Previous modeling studies have also consistently predicted increased global vegetation carbon under future scenarios of climate and CO2, but with considerable variation in absolute values (2 — 4).

As can be seen from the graph, the IPCC models projected warming of around 0.2 °C per decade for the first two decades of this century (a projection, which IPCC also clearly stated in a separate paragraph of its AR4WR1 SPM report for a range of SRES emission scenarios).

When using climate model results for scenario construction, the baseline also serves as the reference period from which the modelled future change in climate is calculated.

All those data on expected retirements and capacity additions are tough to swallow in one gulp, but EIA also modeled capacity additions in five scenarios against expected retirements, showing a slate of possible options dramatic shift coming in the U.S. fuel mix in one chart:

Such biases would also affect simulations for present and future climate scenarios, highlighting the importance to carefully consider the representation of high - latitude climate and sea ice processes in coupled climate models.

Since climate models do a bad job of identifying these scenarios, we need to look at the historical and paleo record of extreme events, and also use the scenario falsification approach in line with possibility theory.

We also develop a 2020 reform scenario which models the potential impact of power market reforms and a national emission trading scheme (ETS) on the gross profitability of each operating coal plant in China.

Recent multi model estimates based on different CMIP3 climate scenarios and different dynamic global vegetation models predict a moderate risk of tropical forest reduction in South America and even lower risk for African and Asian tropical forests (see also Section 12.5.5.6)(Gumpenberger et al., 2010; Huntingford et al., 2013).»

OnLocation Inc. of Vienna, VA assisted with modifications to the NEMS model required to implement our policy scenarios and also ran the model.

Model - average mean local precipitation responses also roughly scale with the global mean temperature response across the emissions scenarios, though not as well as for temperature.

For some gases, the values tabulated in the IPCC Second Assessment Report (IPCC, 1996; hereafter SAR), for that IS92a scenario using the previous generation of chemistry and climate models, are also given.