Age - induced accumulation of nuclear DNA damage, decline in mitochondrial function and
alterations in gene expression have been thought to contribute to aging.
One of the mechanisms driving
alterations in gene expression is epigenetic change, where the female is able to change her offspring's genome to cause certain genes to be expressed differently.
Douglas Thomas, associate professor of medicinal chemistry and pharmacognosy at UIC, and co-workers discovered that nitric oxide plays an important role in epigenetics — heritable
alterations in gene expression caused by mechanisms other than changes in DNA sequence.
This will be achieved by exposing the coral to seawater with high calcium concentrations to induce
an alteration in gene expression profiles, identified using a DNA microarray analysis.
They cause
an alteration in gene expression, leading to a suppression of key mitochondrial enzymes, like carnitine palmitoyltransferase — which finally solves the mystery of why those eating vegetarian have a 60 % higher expression of that fat - burning enzyme.
AAEM pointed to numerous animal studies that showed oxidative stress, altered structure and function of the liver, intestinal damage, disruption of the immune system, increased cell growth and hundreds of
alterations in gene expressions.
Not exact matches
Now, new research suggests changes at the epigenetic level — specifically
alterations in proteins that affect
gene expression, rather than genetic mutations — could be driving childhood ependymomas.
Using clinical, genetic, and
gene expression data as filters to distinguish
genes whose copy number
alteration causes cancer from those for whom copy number changes are incidental, the team whittled down their list from 14,000 to a more manageable number, each of which they systematically tested using genetic experiments
in animals.
Such a mechanism could turn chemical ephemera — the ebbing and flowing of calcium ions and gentle currents of nitric oxide — into changes
in gene expression and finally into
alterations in the «wiring» of the nervous system.
«The bugs are somehow driving
gene expression in the host through
alteration of the epigenome,» explains John Denu, a UW - Madison professor of biomolecular chemistry and a senior researcher at the Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, and a co-author of the new study.
Gene moonlighting can occur merely through changes
in expression, which may result from as little as a single mutation; it does not require the meandering process of random
alteration and selection implied by the duplication and neofunctionalization model.
The
alteration is predicted to result
in the production of a shortened ETV6 protein that can not fulfill its normal function of binding to DNA and regulating the
expression of other
genes.
This observation is further supported by the fact that studying
alterations in the
expression of
genes also made it possible to identify persons whose levels of interleukin 6, an inflammation marker, were reduced as their serum vitamin D levels increased.
Methylation is one type of so - called epigenetic changes,
alterations in genes during the lifetime that affect their
expression.
«Key genetic event underlying fin - to - limb evolution: Study of catsharks reveals how
alterations in the
expression, function of certain
genes in limb buds underlie evolution of fish fins to limbs.»
Such modifications, including methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and phosphorylation, often result
in the
alteration of
gene expression levels that determine cell fate.
«The bugs are somehow driving
gene expression in the host through
alteration of the epigenome,» explains John Denu, a UW — Madison professor of biomolecular chemistry and a senior researcher at the Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, and a co-author of the new study.
Epigenetics is the study of changes
in organisms caused by modifying
gene expression — by alcohol, for example — rather than
alteration of the genetic code itself.
The results showed a correlation between changes
in his brain and
alterations in the
expression of many families of
genes in his blood.
In this study, the authors assessed the impact of SNPs, inherited copy number variants (CNVs), and acquired copy number
alterations (CNAs) on the
gene expression landscape.
Changes
in the Rumen Epithelial Microbiota and Host
Gene Expression of Cattle
in Response to
Alterations in Dietary Carbohydrate Composition.Petri RM.
Compared with the ancestral lineage, the East African cichlid genomes possess: an excess of
gene duplications;
alterations in regulatory, non-protein-coding elements
in the genome; accelerated evolution of protein - coding elements, especially
in genes for pigmentation; and other distinct features that affect
gene expression, such as insertions of transposable elements and regulation by novel microRNAs.
Combination of methamphetamine and HIV - 1 gp120 causes distinct long - term
alterations of behavior,
gene expression, and injury
in the central nervous system.
Expression of mutant Ets protein at the neuromuscular synapse causes alterations in morphology and gene
Expression of mutant Ets protein at the neuromuscular synapse causes
alterations in morphology and
gene expressionexpression
Dr. Pollard's group aims to pinpoint specific DNA
alterations in these sequences that are responsible for changes
in gene expression.
Because DDX3 exhibits tumor suppressor functions, such as a growth - suppressive property and transcriptional activation of the p21waf1 / cip1 promoter, and is inactivated through down - regulation of
gene expression or
alteration of subcellular localization
in tumor cells, all these features together suggest that DDX3 might be a candidate tumor suppressor.
Upon salt - stress treatment, Arabidopsis mobilizes a complex set of pathways that includes
alterations in the regulation of
gene expression and metabolic adjustments that attempt to establish a new
This might be because moderate reduction
in the
expression of these two
genes was not sufficient to induce
alterations in either phenotype.
The causes of the widespread differential
expression of non-coding RNAs
in malignant compared with normal cells can be explained by the location of these
genes in cancer - associated genomic regions, by epigenetic mechanisms and by
alterations in the processing machinery.
The main molecular
alterations are represented by variations
in gene expression, usually mild and with consequences for a vast number of target protein coding
genes.
In particular, the lab investigates how alterations in epigenetics — or the heritable changes that affects gene expression without alterations in the underlying DNA sequence — contribute to epithelial ovarian cance
In particular, the lab investigates how
alterations in epigenetics — or the heritable changes that affects gene expression without alterations in the underlying DNA sequence — contribute to epithelial ovarian cance
in epigenetics — or the heritable changes that affects
gene expression without
alterations in the underlying DNA sequence — contribute to epithelial ovarian cance
in the underlying DNA sequence — contribute to epithelial ovarian cancer.
It has been demonstrated that the composition of the medium used for embryo culture has a profound effect on the methylation pattern
in the resultant two - cell embryos [10], indicating that,
in addition to imprinted
genes, other epigenetic
alterations may intensely modify
gene expression.
The process of senescence requires global
alterations in the genome architecture and radical changes
in gene expression.
Gene expression Reporter genes, such as luciferase or GFP, can also be assessed in microplate readers, enabling in vitro and in vivo determination of gene expression for studies using markers of genetic alterat
Gene expression Reporter
genes, such as luciferase or GFP, can also be assessed
in microplate readers, enabling
in vitro and
in vivo determination of
gene expression for studies using markers of genetic alterat
gene expression for studies using markers of genetic
alteration.
Changes
in an epigenetic mechanism that turns
expression of
genes on and off may be as important as genetic
alterations in causing pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), according to a study led by scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and published
in the June 10 online edition of the Journal of Clinical Investigation.
Insecticide resistance is typically associated with
alterations to the insecticidal target - site or with
gene expression variation at loci involved
in insecticide detoxification.
IVC produced an
alteration in the
expression of five
genes.
Surprisingly, whether or not a
gene's
expression was regulated by MeCP2 did not depend on its mCG content; rather,
genes with high levels of mCH tended to be most affected by
alterations in MeCP2
expression.
Herein, we report
alterations in arterial
gene and protein
expression in the canine MPS I model system, the identification of a potential marker for MPS I cardiovascular disease, and data supporting the hypothesis that a GAG - induced inflammatory process is responsible for the pathogenesis of MPS I cardiovascular disease.
While some
genes important to cancer development have clear
alterations in their genetic codes to explain changes
in their
expression in cells, some do not exhibit such defined defects.
Some of these changes
in gene expression can be reversed by pharmacological
alterations of chromatin structure by the histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) and the methyl donor L - methionine [19], [20].
We examine
alterations in biological stress regulatory systems;
alterations in the neural regulation of stress responses; and
expression of
genes related to stress responses, both as latent indicators of impending health risks and as indicators of psychological and biological stress - reactive processes that may accelerate those risks.